Climatological planetary albedo obtained from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) D-series flux dataset is broken down into contributions from the surface and atmosphere in cryosphere regions. The atmosphere accounts for much more of climatological planetary albedo ( 75%) than the surface at all times of the year. The insignificance of the surface contribution over hig...

The cryosphere is an essential part of the earth system for understanding climate change. Components of the cryosphere, such as ice sheets and sea ice, are generally decreasing over time. However, previous studies have indicated differing trends between the Antarctic and the Arctic. The South Pole also shows internal differences in trends. These phenomena indicate the importance of continuous o...

We use a linear unmixing approach to test how land use and forestry maps, in combination with the MODIS BRDF/albedo product, can be used to estimate land cover type albedos in boreal regions. Operational land use maps from three test areas in Finland and Canada were used to test the method. The resulting endmember albedo estimates had low standard errors of the mean and were realistic for the m...

Over the period from February 24-28, 2003, the albedo of two partially snow-covered sites in northwestern Iowa was characterized to validate snow albedos retrieved from data collected by NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. Below average snowfall provided the opportunity to evaluate the accuracy of snow albedos retrievals from the current MODIS snow-albedo al...

The Tibetan Plateau has experienced higher-than-global-average climate warming in recent decades, resulting in many significant changes in ecosystem structure and function. Among them is albedo, which bridges the causes and consequences of land surface processes and climate. The plateau is covered by snow/ice and vegetation in the non-growing season (nGS) and growing season (GS), respectively. ...

Citrus is one of the world's important fruit crops. Recently, citrus molecular genetics and biotechnology work have been accelerated in the world. Genetic transformation, a biotechnological tool, allows the release of improved cultivars with desirable characteristics in a shorter period of time and therefore may be useful in citrus breeding programs. Citrus transformation has now been achieved ...

Background: During the last decades, a huge body of evidence has been accumulated suggesting that Citrus fruits and their juices might have a role in preventing many diseases including cancer. Objective: To summarize the numerous evidences on the potential of Citrus juices and their extracts as anticancer agents. Data sources: A systematic review of articles written in English using MEDLINE (19...

Albedo determines radiation balance of land (soil-canopy complex) surface and influence boundary layer structure of the atmosphere. Accurate surface albedo determination is important for weather forecasting, climate projection and ecosystem modelling. Albedo-rainfall feedback relationship has not been studied so far using observations on spatial scale over Indian monsoon region due to lack of c...

Citrus flavonoid concentration in different tissues of citrus from different species around the world were compared together with citrus related traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ingredients. The citrus species with high flavonoid content like Citrus aurantium and the flavonoid-enriched tissues such as peel and young fruit are frequently utilized in TCM recipes for their gastric protective, an...

Surface albedo is an important concept, useful in explaining how closed systems (such as the Earth Atmosphere) respond to incident radiant energy. Specialist, calibrated equipment is used by geo-scientists to measure ambient and reflected radiation from subject sources – this is often cost prohibitive within a teaching environment. A “semi” calibrated method is presented, utilising simple digit...