The rates and patterns of fluid circulation in seafloor hydrothermal systems control the efficiency of lithospheric heat extraction, the nature of fluid–rock interaction, and the extent of seafloor and sub-seafloor biospheres supported by fluid, energy, and solute fluxes. It has been challenging to determine the patterns and rates of fluid flow within seafloor hydrothermal systems for several r...

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Major anomaly patterns of annual tree-ring growth in “drought-sensitive’’ trees of the Western United States, 1931-1962, seem to reflect corresponding patterns in monthly precipitation amounts, which in turn may be related to circulation anomalies. The three most important anomaly patterns that dominated the 1931-1962 period were also prominent in the tree-growth data during the preceding perio...

The relationship between winter climate extremes across the northeasternUnited States and adjacent parts of Canada and some important modes of climate variability are examined to determine how these circulation patterns are related to extreme events. Linear correlations between 15 extreme climate indices related to winter daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, and three dominant ...