This paper summarizes our work toward improving reproducibility in fabricating high efficiency absorbers and devices. This resulted in the fabrication of a CIGS cell with an efficiency of 21% under concentrated light. We compare devices fabricated with CdS and with Cd solution treatment alone. A high conversion efficiency of 15.7% is obtained with the latter, and we attribute this to the n-type...

A four-terminal tandem structure based on the copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cell is a viable approach to achieve high efficiency. For this purpose, dual-junction configuration, consisting of experimental CIGS with record efficiency 23.35% as bottom and wide bandgap thin-film absorbers top cell, evaluated by modeling. Herein, effects luminescence efficiency, optical absorption, ban...

At the University of Hawaii (UH), the approach to developing high-efficiency, low-cost photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes for the direct production of hydrogen has included the use of integrated electrochemical/optical models to design photoelectrodes based on multijunction thin-film technology; materials research to identify critical issues on photoelectrode efficiency and stability; and the...

This paper is a summary of the methodology including protocol used to develop evidence-based clinical imaging guidelines (CIGs) in Korea, led by the Korean Society of Radiology and the National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency. This is the first protocol to reflect the process of developing diagnostic guidelines in Korea. The development protocol is largely divided into the follow...

The quaternary system Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) allows the band gap of the semiconductor to be adjusted over a range of 1.04–1.67 eV. Using a non-uniform Ga/In ratio throughout the film thickness, additional fields can be built into p-type CIGSbased solar cells, and some researchers have asserted that these fields can enhance performance. The experimental evidence that grading improves device perform...

Numerical modeling of polycrystalline thin-film solar cells is an important strategy to test the viability of proposed physical explanations and to predict the effect of physical changes on cell performance. In general, this must be done with only partial knowledge of input parameters. Nevertheless, for consistent comparisons between laboratories, it is extremely useful to have a common startin...

Our proposal provides post-migration techniques for computing angle-domain common-image gathers (CIGs) from seismic images, extended by the subsurface offset, in relation with wave-equation migration methods. In addition to the commonly used decomposition of the scattering-angles, we associate the wave-equation migration with dip-domain image gathers as well. Our methodology suggests a system o...

Creating computer-interpretable guidelines (CIGs) requires much effort. This effort would be leveraged by sharing CIGs with more than one implementing institution. Sharing necessitates mapping the CIG's data items to institutional EMRs. Sharing can be enhanced by using standard formats and a Global-as-view approach to data integration, where a common data model is used to generate standard view...