Worldwide, pyrethroid pesticides have been widely used in the control of agricultural pests and indoor pesticides, so they an important impact on human daily life. The acute toxicity studies gotten many achievements progress, but there is still no clear demonstration its long-term chronic effects. This review presented collection published experiments, population surveys laboratory tests effect...

While it is increasingly being recognized that biotic ligand models (BLMs) are valuable in the risk assessment of metals in aquatic systems, the development of chronic BLMs has been less advanced for lead than for other metals. The authors investigated the univariate effects of Ca and pH on the chronic reproductive toxicity of Pb to Ceriodaphnia dubia at 4 levels. Calcium influenced chronic Pb ...

As the first step toward parameterization of a chronic lead (Pb) biotic ligand model (BLM) for Ceriodaphnia dubia, 7-d toxicity tests were performed in waters modified to evaluate the influences of hardness, DOM (as Suwannee River NOM and Aldrich humic acid (HA)), pH (buffered with 4 mM MOPS) and alkalinity on the chronic toxicity of Pb. Calculated EC(20)s for the control base water test and ea...

The acute and chronic toxicity of zinc to wild mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) was measured with 13-d and 30-d flow-through toxicity tests, respectively. Exposure water hardness was 48.6 mg/L as CaCO3 and 46.3 mg/L as CaCO3 in the acute and chronic tests, respectively; pH was slightly above neutral; and temperature near 12 degrees C. The median lethal concentration (LC50) after 96 h was 156 mic...

Local anesthetics are commonly used medicines in clinical settings. They are used for pain management during minor interventional treatments, and for postoperative care after major surgeries. Cocaine is the well-known origin of local anesthetics, and the drug and related derivatives have long history of clinical usage for more than several centuries. Although illegal use of cocaine and its abus...

Jmrn 0. THOMAs, WrLLIA~I E. RrnELIN, 1 JAMES R. WooDWARD, AND FLOYD DEEDs Western Regional Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710 Receiced .April 28, 1967 When properly used, diphenylamine (DPA) prevents apple scald to a high degree, yet only minute residues of the compound ( <8 ppm) remain on and in the treated fruit (Harvey...

Contamination by heavy metals has attracted increasing attention considering the ability of these elements in producing serious consequence to ecosystem, and especially on animals health. Due to their widespread use in human activities such as industry, agriculture and even as medicine (e.g. arsenic, selenium and platinum), numerous health risks may be associated with exposure to these substanc...

Neosaxitoxin (NeoSTX) is a specific reversible blocker of voltage gated sodium channels on excitable cells. In the last decade, it has been tested in a number of interesting clinical trials, however there is still little information available on mammalian toxicity. Rats were treated for 12 weeks with doses of 1, 3 or 6 μg/kg of subcutaneous NeoSTX. At weeks 12 and 17, animals were sacrificed an...

Ch lo roqu ine, 7-chloro-4(4-diethylamino-lmethylbutylamino) quinoline, is an antimalarial drug of the 4-amino quinoline series. It has been shown to have antimalarial activity similar to and superior to that of quinacrine in avian malaria, and in trophozoiteand sporozoite-induced vivax and falciparum malaria in man ( 1, 2, 3, 4). The present study was undertaken for the purpose of establishing...