Introduction Increasingly, human kidneys are under assault from environmental toxins as well as an array of diseases that place them at risk of ultimately failing. Eleven percent of American adults now show evidence of chronic kidney disease, with over 400,000 afflicted with end-stage kidney disease. Over a third of those cases are caused by diabetes, and the remainder by high blood pressure an...

Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as primary renal disease that has persisted for months to years. Chronic kidney disease has been referred to as chronic renal failure, chronic renal insufficiency, etc. These terms are not very useful in categorizing a patient to facilitate treatment and prognosis recommendations. In human nephrology, there is an elaborate staging s...

the pharmacokinetics of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuepo) administered intravenously has been investigated in a group of five patients with chronic renal failure who were dialysis-dependent. the half-life of circulating erythropoietin decreased from 7.9±oa hr (mean ±so) at the beginning of treatment to 6.2±o.6 hr after 6 weeks and 5a±o.9 hr after 4 months of treatment. in spite of the s...

conclusions dialysis with cool dialysate is a simple and cheap nondrug method, which was readily accepted by the patients. this method could significantly reduce the severity of pruritus in patients during dialysis. results before the intervention, there was no significant between-group difference in the severity of pruritus (p < 0.05). after the intervention, the severity of pruritus was signi...

background many studies have been done on the epidemiology of hepatitis e on general population, but the data among patients with end stage renal disease (esrd) are few and give conflicting results. objectives the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and its relationship in esrd patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (hd). patients and m...

BACKGROUND & AIMS There is a close relationship between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and chronic renal disease. We analyzed changes in renal function using different markers of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in multiple studies of telbivudine treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. METHODS We used serum creatinine-based equations (ie, Cockcroft-Gault, Modifica...

Hepatitis B viral infection is usually a self-limiting disease in immunocompetent individuals. Chronic infection can be seen in up to 5% of infected patients. Renal manifestations of chronic HBV infection are usually glomerular. We describe here an uncommon presentation of a patient with chronic HBV infection with very high viral load and rapidly progressive renal failure. Renal biopsy showed f...

loss of hearing is a known problem in patients with chronic renal failure, occurring in 40-xo% of cases and being most often of the high frequency sensorineural type. we performed a study on 50 patients with this disease, including 20 who had undergone a successful kidney transplantation. our results show an 80% incidence of hearing loss in these patients and a chance of improvement in at least...