The presence of male fetal lymphocytes in the maternal blood of 18 pregnant women (15 primigravidae and three who had had previous pregnancies) was analysed by counting quinacrine positive Y bodies in interphases of Y chromosomes in metaphases. Counts were also performed on a control population of ten young women who had never been pregnant and on another control population of seven men to test...

Chiasma counting has been regarded as the most straightforward method of scoring the total number of crossing-over events in the genome. In organisms in which genetic analysis is difficult or impossible to perform, it is a good estimator of the level of genetic recombination. In this paper we evaluated the chiasma frequency and distribution at diakinesis of twelve Brazilian oat varieties (Avena...

Copy-number variation (CNV)--the presence of additional or missing segments of chromosomes in some individuals--has been found to be abundant in humans and adds another dimension of variation to the genome. Copy-number variants have already been associated with some diseases and disease susceptibilities and are likely to prove as significant as sequence polymorphisms in this respect. Changes in...

Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) would decrease misuse and overuse of antibiotics. The "holy grail" of AST is a phenotype-based test that can be performed within a doctor visit. Such a test requires the ability to determine a pathogen's susceptibility after only a short antibiotic exposure. Herein, digital PCR (dPCR) was employed to test whether measuring DNA replication of the ...

objective(s) the main objective of this study was to investigate the status of chromosome stability in 3 human-mouse hybridoma cell lines over a period of time in various passages. materials and methods metaphase spreads from 3 human-mouse cell lines (hf2x653, spmo-4 and f3b6) that had been cultured in 4 successive passages, from 1 to 4 weeks, were prepared and analyzed. metaphase chromosomes s...

The Y or W sex chromosome of a heteromorphic pair is usually heterochromatinised and degenerated. However, whether degeneration constantly proceeds toward an extreme end not fully understood. Here, we present case intermittent evolution chromosomes caused by interpopulation hybridisation in the Japanese soil-frog, Glandirana rugosa. This species includes two systems, which are separated into ge...

In this study, a detailed chromosome analysis of the endemic Cappadocian Chub, Squalius cappadocicus in Melendiz Stream (Aksaray) was performed. The standard Giemsa staining, C-banding (CBG and CB-DAPI), Ag-NOR technique were applied. diploid number 50; its karyotype formula 14M + 16Sm 10St 10A. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes weren’t detected studied specimens. all chromosomal arms (NF) 90. C-ba...

In somatic cells of female placental mammals, one X chromosome is inactivated to minimize sex-related dosage differences of X-encoded genes. Random X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in the embryo is a stochastic process, in which each X has an independent probability to initiate XCI, triggered by the nuclear concentration of one or more X-encoded XCI-activators. Here, we identify the E3 ubiquitin...

In marsupials and in extraembryonic tissues of placental mammals, X inactivation is imprinted to occur on the paternal chromosome. Here, we find that imprinting is controlled by the antisense Xist gene, Tsix. Tsix is maternally expressed and mice carrying a Tsix deletion show normal paternal but impaired maternal transmission. Maternal inheritance occurs infrequently, with surviving progeny sho...