A question that arises in the application of environmental choice modelling (CM) studies is whether to present the choice sets in a generic or labelled form. The former involves labelling the policy options to be presented to respondents in a generic way, for example, as ‘option A’, ‘option B’, etc. The labelled approach assigns alternativespecific descriptors to each option. These may relate t...

This paper reviews the various multiple-choice formats used in testing foreign language vocabulary with special reference to the underlying constructs of vocabulary competence. While all formats are argued to categorically measure recognition of second language word meaning, they are claimed to differ with respect to whether they measure receptive recognition or productive recognition, followin...

The Grossman and Laroque (1990) theory of adjustment costs in consumption has been widely applied to analyze consumption and …nancial market behavior. An important prediction of such adjustment cost models is that individuals who have recently purchased a house are more risk averse than those who have lived in their homes for a long time. In this paper, we test this prediction using an instrume...

Guidelines for writing cognitive objectives and multiple-choice test questions for pharmacy educational programs are suggested. Cognitive educational objectives relate to intellectual skills and can usually be tested with multiple-choice questions. Pharmacy educators writing cognitive objectives should focus on the major, not minor, knowledge or skills that participants in an educational progra...

This paper derives asymptotic approximations to the power of Cramer-von Mises (CvM) style tests for inference on a finite dimensional parameter defined by conditional moment inequalities in the case where the parameter is set identified. Combined with power results for Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) tests, these results can be used to choose the optimal test statistic, weighting function and, for test...

The measurement of school effectiveness is a central feature of educational accountability policies in all 50 US states and around the world. While school accountability measures are often based on test score levels (e.g., percent proficient), critics argue that test score gains are a fairer way to judge schools’ contributions to student achievement (e.g., Ladd and Walsh 2002, Ryan 2004). Such ...

During the last 25 years, clinical autoantibody determinations have changed dramatically. Old and slow techniques with high diagnostic specificity have been replaced with automated and faster techniques that most often have a higher diagnostic sensitivity at the expense of a lower diagnostic specificity. Newer techniques are mostly quantitative, allowing for follow-up of autoantibody levels. Wh...

this paper investigates the effect of formal information and rumors on the real buyers’ choice in tehran stock exchange. following this study, the question is what kind of information has an effect on buyers’ choice of shares? the purpose of this study is to identify information affecting buyers selected stocks, in order to offer some solutions to enhance stock exchange performance. in this stu...

Coombs, Donnell, and Kirk (1978. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 497-512), in a study of risk preferences, collected data using both pick 1 and reject $ response modes. Although the preference orders derived from the two response modes were identical, the pick data contained a greater number of inconsistencies than the reject data. In the present study, predictions were derived from unfo...