BACKGROUND This study examines whether social age deadlines exist for childbearing in women and men, how they vary across countries, whether they are lower than actual biological deadlines and whether they are associated with childbearing at later ages and the availability of assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs). METHODS This study is based on the European Social Survey, Round 3 (2006-2007...

OBJECTIVE Contemporary childbearing is associated with greater gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention than in previous decades, potentially leading to a more pronounced effect of childbearing on women's long-term obesity risk. Previous work on the association of childbearing with women's long-term obesity risk mostly examined births in the 1970s and 1980s and produced mixed res...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of major congenital malformations associated with antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment in pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using data from The Health Improvement Network, we identified women who have given live birth and their offspring. Four subgroups were selected based on the AED treatment in early pregnancy, valproate, carbamazepi...

OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder affects 0.5%-1.5% of individuals in the United States. The typical age at onset is late adolescence or early adulthood, placing women at risk for episodes throughout their reproductive years. General guidelines for the treatment of bipolar disorder are available from the American Psychiatric Association, but additional issues arise when these guidelines are applied in...

Commentary This article is one of many reporting the outcome of the NEAD (Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs) study, a major and important prospective evaluation of women receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy. Epilepsy is a chronic condition that occurs throughout the lifespan. It is also a condition that can be life threatening if left untreated; typically, treat...

In this paper we conduct descriptive aggregate analyses to revisit the relation between low and lowest-low period fertility on the one, and cohort fertility and key fertilityrelated behaviors—such as leaving the parental home, marriage and female labor force participation—on the other side. First, we identify a systematic pattern of lowest-low fertility that is characterized by a rapid delay of...

In this paper we explore the relation between changes in reproductive behavior, such as those that might result from an effective family planning program in developing countries, and changes in child and maternal mortality. Specifically, we use the results from recent multivariate studies to estimate the changes in mortality that might result from altering maternal age, birth order, and birth s...

The condition of the total fertility rate in Yogyakarta Province has tended to increase last decade. But there also been a decline use modern contraception. This study aims determinant trend between Special Region (DI) using 2002/03 IDHS data and 2017 with aggregate for women childbearing age 15-49 years. results show that pattern marriage, effectiveness contraception, infertility during breast...

Fertility and childbearing, in addition to the biological aspects, has always been regarded as a social phenomenon and, therefore, to understand the incident, values and beliefs, norms, and in short, the culture of any society should be scrutinized. Since the concept, condition, and value of childbearing is associated with cultural, social, political and economic dimensions, it has undergone va...

Teenage motherhood is associated with poor offspring outcomes but these associations may be influenced by offspring birth year because of substantial social changes in recent decades. Existing research also has not examined whether these associations are due to the specific effect of mother's age at childbirth or factors shared by siblings in a family. We used a population-based cohort study in...