Explant cultures of human tissues metabolized chemical carcinogens into the ultimate carcinogenic form as measured by binding to cellular DNA. A wide inter-individual variation in the binding level of many chemical carcinogens to target cell DNA was observed, whereas lesser inter-individual variation was observed in primary epithelial cell cultures derived from the explants. The binding levels ...

Tungsten oxide (WO3) nanorods array prepared using chemical vapor deposition techniques was studied. The influence of oxygen gas concentration on the nanoscale tungsten oxide structure was observed; it was responsible for the stoichiometric and morphology variation from nanoscale particle to nanorods array. Experimental results also indicated that the deposition temperature was highly related t...

Although the fetal and adult hemoglobins of many species, including man, are essentially similar in molecular weight and in spectroscopic characteristics, they exhibit marked differences in other chemical and physical properties (l-6). Therefore, they may be assumed to represent distinct chemical entities. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the chemical difference is expresse...

An improved computer simulation program has been developed and used to re-measure the metallographic cooling rates of the IIIAB irons, the largest iron meteorite chemical group. The formation of this chemical group is attributed to fractional crystallization of a single molten metallic core during solidification. Group IIIAB irons cooling rates vary by a factor of 6 from 56 to 338 C/My. The coo...

Exploring the spatial distribution of variation in plant secondary metabolites is critical for understanding the evolutionary ecology of biochemical diversity in wild organisms. In the present study, concentrations of foliar sideroxylonal, an important and highly heritable defense chemical of Eucalyptus melliodora, displayed strong, fine-scale spatial autocorrelation. The spatial patterns obser...

Phenotypic variation is a prerequisite for evolution by natural selection, yet the processes that give rise to the novel morphologies upon which selection acts are poorly understood. We employed a chemical genetic screen to identify developmental changes capable of generating ecologically relevant morphological variation as observed among extant species. Specifically, we assayed for exogenously...

The developmental patterning of multicellular organisms requires precise control on the scale of microns and chemical sensitivity on the scale of tens of molecules. The molecular system which regulates this careful construction however operates in an environment of substantial stochastic variation. We quantify this variation in the muscle fatedetermination pathway in the early Drosophila embryo...

This paper presents results of an assessment of dominant hydro-geochemical processes controlling groundwater chemical composition, using an integrated application of cluster analysis and factor analysis. The area is located in south of saline playa and in Arak city. Cluster analysis classified samples into two main clusters according to their dominant chemical composition: cluster A (dominant c...

Exposure to environmental chemicals can have negative consequences for wildlife and even cause localized population extinctions. Resistance to chemical stress, however, can evolve and the mechanisms include desensitized target sites, reduced chemical uptake and increased metabolic detoxification and sequestration. Chemical resistance in wildlife populations can also arise independently of expos...

Hymenocrater calycinus (Boiss.) Benth. is endemic to Iran and it is growing natural habitats in the north east of Iran.  In traditional medicine, this plant use for flu treatment, diuretic, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant. In order, this plant know ecological characteristic for introduce and dense cultivation on farm land and then use in medical industries. Such as this plant natural ...