introduction : halitosis is a common problem that affects a large portion of the population worldwide. the origin of this condition is oral in 90% of cases and systemic in 10% of cases. the foul odor is caused mainly by volatile sulfur compounds produced by gram-negative bacteria. however, it has recently been found that anaerobic gram-positive bacteria also produce hydrogen sulfide (h 2 s) in ...

In this study, the change of tumors' chemical composition in the temperature range of 20 ~70 °C is quantified for photothermal tumor therapy by photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) with the wavelengths of 700~1000 nm. Based on the measured photoacoustic signals, two absorption peaks at the wavelengths of 750 nm and 950 nm are identified. It is also observed that high temperature (>55 °C) is able to...

The newest developments in propolis pharmacological research are summarized. The problem regarding biological studies, caused by the chemical variability of propolis, is discussed. The most important trends and developments in recent propolis research are outlined: biological studies performed with chemically characterized samples, bioassay-guided studies of active principles and comparative bi...

working with mentally ill chemical abusers. Roberts’ model will be combined with strengths perspective and brief solution-focused therapy to provide an effective framework for addressing the unique needs of mentally ill chemical abusers within a managed care treatment environment. This article will present three case examples and one impromptu intervention to demonstrate methods for clinicians ...

Renal artery denervation has recently emerged as a novel therapy for patients with resistant hypertension. Clinical results from renal sympathetic denervation support the safety and efficacy of this method over a period of 18 months. However, several limitations have been reported. Previous studies have shown that chemical denervation by vincristine is safe and effective in an experimental mode...

BACKGROUND Controversy exists regarding the optimal preventative therapy for venous thromboembolism (VTE) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. We sought to compare the effectiveness and safety of the most commonly used regimens. METHODS AND RESULTS We assembled a cohort of 92 699 patients who underwent CABG between 2004 and 2008, using the Premier database. Patients were categor...

The term prodrug was first used by Albert [1]. Prodrug can be defined as an agent that is transformed after administration, either by metabolism or by spontaneous chemical breakdown, to form a pharmacologically active drug. The prodrug itself is inactive or less active and is converted to active agent in vivo. Targeted prodrug approach is one of the new trends in the treatment of cancer. A lot ...

Aids is characterized by progressive T cell depletion, immune cells dysfunctions and interferon responsiveness that are driven by chronic activation. Antiretroviral therapy (ART), although effective in improving the survival of HIV-1infected individuals, has not been able to reconstitute the adaptive immunity. However, ART is neither able to eradicate the virus nor has sufficient immune-modulat...

objective: this study assessed the effect of paradox in family therapy.paradox, as a therapeutic tool, has been developed by a number of therapists,especially mara selvini palazzoli. metho d: this study benefited from the milan systems approach to family. two clients (both females) were selected for this study. these two girls were the symptomatic members of their families. the families partici...