Clouds can significantly impact trace chemical distributions in the troposphere and the chemical composition of precipitation. Clouds affect chemical distributions through convection of air and hydrometeors containing trace chemicals. They also provide a multiphase environment for chemical phase changes and reaction. Due to the large vertical motions and turbulence of strong convective cloud sy...

[1] Branching valley networks near the landing site of the Huygens probe on Titan imply that fluid has eroded the surface. The fluid was most likely methane, which forms several percent of Titan’s atmosphere and can exist as a liquid at the surface. The morphology of the valley networks and the nature of Titan’s surface environment are inconsistent with a primary valley formation process involv...

Precise spatio-temporal organization of chemical, hydrodynamic, and mechanical processes is typical for biological systems where particular chemical reactions have to accrue in precisely assignment place and time. It is rarely studied and observed in chemical systems. We report unusual precipitation pattern formation of PbSO(4) in chemical media (Pb(2+)-Chlorite-Thiourea System). We have found ...

the organic deposition particularly asphaltenes has many detrimental effects on the oil industries, such as plugging in pipelines, wellbore and facilities and subsequently, considerable reduction in well productivity.asphaltenes are the most polar fractions, which they have been dispersed as colloidal clusters in crude oil. the accumulation of these clusters lead to the flocculation of colloids...

We determined the total mass loss and rate of chemical weathering from three minimally eroded, Hawaiian lava flows that are ∼10, 170, and 350 ka old. Using a backhoe, we sampled the entire weathering zone at 28 sites and measured the depletion or enrichment of each major element in each soil horizon relative to parent material. We were able to assess the influence of both climate and substrate ...

The ultimate goal of geochemical studies of geothermal systems is to understand the physical-chemical processes responsible for their origin and evolution. The chemical composition of fluids (separated vapor and water), collected from fumaroles, hot springs and drilled wells at the Earth’s surface (25oC) is determined in the laboratory. Using the chemical geothermometers, conservation of mass, ...

Understanding the relative importance of environment and life history strategies in determining leaf chemical traits remains a key objective of plant ecology. We assessed 20 foliar chemical properties among 12 African savanna woody plant species and their relation to environmental variables (hillslope position, precipitation, geology) and two functional traits (thorn type and seed dispersal mec...

This work addresses some of the key topics of space physics research recommended in the National Research Council 2003 report “A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics”, namely, the thunderstorm-driven electrodynamic coupling between the troposphere, mesosphere, lower ionosphere, and magnetosphere. Lightning-induced electron precipitation encompasses all of these regions, from atm...

The organic deposition particularly asphaltenes has many detrimental effects on the oil industries, such as plugging in pipelines, wellbore and facilities and subsequently, considerable reduction in well productivity.Asphaltenes are the most polar fractions, which they have been dispersed as colloidal clusters in crude oil. The accumulation of these clusters lead to the flocculation of colloids...