Carcinogenesis involves the accumulation of genetic changes within a single cell. Tumor promotion functions in the initial clonal expansion of an initiated cell but is generally not considered to influence later stages. To investigate whether tumor promotion can influence later stages of carcinogenesis we developed a two-hit 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (D) protocol designed to enrich for ke...

One way to confront chemical warfare in order to reduce their harmful effects, is to use the body's defense mechanisms. In order to do so firstly mustard gas (HD) was injected in an animal model in the form of an immunogen and the induced humoral immune response was investigated by two different immunological methods such as the Ouchterlony test and a new liquid phase fluoroimmunoassay. 7l...

Report #2 by anonymous referee #1: In this paper, the author presents a yearlong air quality simulation using a chemical transport model to provide detailed temporal and spatial distribution of O3, PM2.5 and PM2.5 chemical compositions in China. The topic is important, the method is generally sound, and the results are generally reasonable. I suggest this manuscript be accepted with revisions d...

On the ability of chemical transport models to simulate the vertical structure of the N2O, NO2 and HNO3 species in the mid-latitude stratosphere G. Berthet, N. Huret, F. Lefèvre, G. Moreau, C. Robert, M. Chartier, L. Pomathiod, M. Pirre, and V. Catoire Service d’Aéronomie, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, F-75252 Paris, France Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement, F-45071 Orléans,...

This paper presents some of the results of the simulation in the radiation section of an industrial boiler using an advanced mathematical model. Calculations are described for the flow, heat transfer, and chemical reaction processes occurring within a gas-fired cylindrical furnace. The calculation procedure is a two dimensional one in which the main hydrodynamic variables are the velocity and s...

The detection of abnormal events in advance is still a challenge in chemical industries. The earlier it is done, the greater the possibility of at least mitigating losses. This study investigates the performance of a signal processing tool so-called hidden Markov model (HMM) in accomplishing detection tasks. The case study is based on a chemical recovery boiler that belongs to a Kraft pulping m...

wheat production with the least use of chemical inputs is an important goal of modern farming to decrease of negative effects of the use of chemical inputs. this paper has estimated the virtual profit of organic wheat in transition period using a cross sectional data of 453 wheat producers of khorasan razavi province during 2007. a model introduced to this objective so that it has ability of es...