Functional groups describe the semantics of chemical reactivity in terms of atoms and their connectivity, which exhibit characteristic chemical behavior when present in a compound. In this paper, we take a first step towards designing an OWL-DL ontology of functional groups for the classification of chemical compounds. We highlight the capabilities and limitations OWL 1.0 and the proposed OWL 1...

Small lakes are important freshwater resources to support the quality of human life. However, small in watershed becoming threatened ecosystems because increasing land-use changes and anthropogenic activity. The study aimed determine characteristic physical-chemical parameters trophic status some lake Ciliwung Watershed sustainable management preventing eutrophication effects. data was collecte...

The removal of phosphorus from wastewater is a common procedure. Improving water quality the aim treatment. There are many types conventional methods that have been used for phosphorus. Phosphorus reaction with chemicals can be removed immediately water. However, use often increases cost This study aims to investigate physical and chemical characteristics RCA influence phosphorus, as well perce...