The protective action of i.v. administered eptastigmine, an organophosphate hydrolase (phosphotriesterase), or pralidoxime-2-chloride (2-PAM) and their combination in acute diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) intoxication were evaluated in mice. The mice received the physostigmine derivative, eptastigmine (0.9 mg/kg body wt, i.v.), 10 min prior to the i.p. injection of DFP (1.8 mg/kg body wt). Pho...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) often causes catastrophic economic effects on both the individual suffering the disease and their households. A number of studies have analyzed patient and household expenditure on TB care, but there does not appear to be any that have assessed the incidence, intensity and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) relating to TB care in China. That will ...

The cholinesterase inhibitors (ChE-Is) attenuate the cholinergic deficit underlying the cognitive and neuropsychiatric dysfunctions in patients with AD. Inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been the major therapeutic target of ChE-I treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). AChE-positive neurons project diffusely to the cortex, modulating cortical processing and response...

BACKGROUND In Kenya, where 60 to 80% of the urban residents live in informal settlements (frequently referred to as slums), out-of-pocket (OOP) payments account for more than a third of national health expenditures. However, little is known on the extent to which these OOP payments are associated with personal or household financial catastrophe in the slums. This paper seeks to examine the inci...

BACKGROUND Chronic hand eczema (CHE) tends to be refractory to conventional therapy. Previous clinical trials have found that a 24-week treatment course of oral alitretinoin is effective and well tolerated for CHE treatment. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral alitretinoin in Korean CHE patients. METHODS A total of 27 patients with moderate to ...

The development of the lamellar cells of mouse digital corpuscles (Meissner corpuscle) was studied by light and electron microscopic histochemistry for cholinesterase (ChE) The materials used were the hind limbs taken from fetuses at 14, 17 and 20 days of gestation, and from young mice at 1, 5, 7, 15 and 20 days after birth. Embryonal Schwann cells had non-specific ChE activity in the cisternae...

The fla/che region contains more than 30 genes required for flagellar synthesis and chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis, including the gene for the flagellum-specific sigmaD factor, sigD. Sequence and primer extension data demonstrate that a PA promoter immediately upstream of flgB, henceforth referred to as the fla/che PA, and the PD-3 promoter are active in vivo. Transcription from the PD-3 eleme...

While the cholinesterase-inhibiting N-methyl carbamate pesticides have been widely used, there are few studies evaluating direct functional and biochemical consequences of exposure. In the present study of the acute toxicity of seven N-methyl carbamate pesticides, we evaluated the dose-response profiles of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition in brain and erythrocytes (RBCs) as well as motor activit...