Cobb 500 broilers were fed diets that were zinc deficient (35ppm), supplemented with 70ppm zinc sulfate, or 70ppm zinc sulfate + 35ppm organic zinc (MINTREXTM Zn or zincmethionine). Half the birds were given a coccidiosis vaccine (ADVENT® coccidiosis control) at day of age, and challenged with all three species on day 24. MINTREX Zn and zinc-methionine both significantly increased intestinal br...

  Protection of animals immunized against Bacillus anthracis is usually demonstrated by challenging with an appropriate dose of a strain of Bacillus anthracis that is lethal to unvaccinated animals inoculated at the same time. In this study the protective efficacy in anthrax vaccine (34F2 sterne strain spore) was evaluated in sheep, goats and guinea pigs challenged with subcutaneous inoculation...

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the cellular and mucosal responses in the respiratory tract of Nigerian goats vaccinated intranasally with recombinant Mannheimia hemolytica bacterine. Twenty one goats were divided into five groups, five goats each in three vaccinated groups while three goats each in two other groups serve as positive and negative control. Group A was vaccinated once; ...

Feed accounts for 60 to 70% of broiler production costs . Thus, improvement in feed efficiency is needed. Ileal digestibility (ID) and total-tract amino acid (AA) utilization are the parameter used to evaluate feed ingredients . However, ID of AA can be affected, for example, by gut inflammation as a result of a coccidial vaccine challenge. Adedokun et al. (2014) showed significantly high ileal...

A commercial yeast culture feed supplement (YC; Celmanax SCP, Vi-COR, Mason City, IA) was provided to turkeys throughout a 16-wk grow-out to determine if it would prevent the effects of stress on production and pathogen colonization. The YC was provided either continuously at 100 g/t (YC-CS) or intermittently during times of stress at 200 g/t (YC-IS). Birds were stressed with an environmental c...

Newcastle disease (ND) leading to heavy economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Even though intensive vaccination programs have been implemented in many countries, virulent NDV can still be frequently isolated in well-vaccinated flocks. We compared the protection efficiency of LaSota and two sub-genotype VIId vaccines, NDV/AI4 and NDV O/AI4,...

Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious disease of sheep and other domestic and wild ruminants caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV). Currently 26 serotypes of the virus have been identified. In South Africa, 22 serotypes have been identified and BT is controlled mainly by annual vaccinations using a freeze-dried live attenuated polyvalent BTV vaccine. The vaccine is constituted of 15 BTV serotypes ...