The problem of testing programs without test oracles is well known. A commonly used approach is to use special values in testing but this is often insufficient to ensure program correctness. This paper demonstrates the use of metamorphic testing to uncover faults in programs, which could not be detected by special test values. Metamorphic testing can be used as a complementary test method to sp...

Challenges arise in assuring the quality of applications that do not have test oracles, i.e., for which it is impossible to know what the correct output should be for arbitrary input. Metamorphic testing has been shown to be a simple yet effective technique in addressing the quality assurance of these “non-testable programs”. In metamorphic testing, if test input x produces output f (x), specif...

Metamorphic malware apply semantics-preserving transformations to their own code in order to foil detection systems based on signature matching. In this paper we consider the problem of automatically extract metamorphic signatures from these malware. We introduce a semantics for self-modifying code, later called phase semantics, and prove its correctness by showing that it is an abstract interp...

buchitic glassy rocks appear within the skarn of contact metamorphic aureole of feshark intrusive complex situated 30 km northeast of isfahan. intrusive complex is a multistage intrusion . noritic gabbro is the first inttrusion which is invaded later on by a granitic melt. granitic melt has metasomatically altered the gabbro and as a consequence a suite of hybrid rocks like monzogabbro, monzodi...

background: to evaluate the situation in a district demographic and health indexes are of great  importance. the aim of this article is to analyze some demographic and health indexes in chadegan district during 2004-2009. methods: this was a descriptive study and the target population was the population of chadegan district from 2004-2009. data collection was done according to registered data i...

Insects, fish, and amphibians undergo the intriguing process of metamorphosis. Metamorphic processes are governed by gene regulatory networks: complex networks of gene-protein interactions. Recent studies demonstrate the isolated use of artificial gene regulatory networks for (1) body development, (2) metamorphosis, or (3) epigenetics. We will evolve a gene regulatory network by fitness uniform...