This 23-year-old primigravida had history of having taken Clomiphene for 2 consecutive cycles starting on day 5 of her menstrual cycle (50 mg for five days). After the 2nd cycle of clomiphene, she became pregnant. There was no history of taking any other drug for infertility or folate tablets periconceptionally. An ultrasound at 20 weeks showed neural tube defect. At 22 weeks of gestation, she ...

The necks of the sauropod dinosaurs reached 15 m in length: six times longer than that of the world record giraffe and five times longer than those of all other terrestrial animals. Several anatomical features enabled this extreme elongation, including: absolutely large body size and quadrupedal stance providing a stable platform for a long neck; a small, light head that did not orally process ...

A 10-year-old boy presented with torticollis and neck pain for 2 months without fever. His physical examination showed torticollis and limitation of flexion/extension and cervical rotation without neurological deficit. Family and past histories were unremarkable. Cervical spine radiographs showed a cervical scoliosis with loss of the normal cervical lordosis and partial collapse of C3 vertebral...

A case of spontaneous pneumothorax occurring at the end of labour in a healthy 17-year-old primigravida is described. Its occurrence was accompanied by marked surgical emphysema of the face, neck, arms and thorax. The patient had had previous thyroid surgery and was coincidentally found to have bilateral cervical ribs on chest X-ray. Previously described cases are reviewed, and the management d...

Non-traumatic aneurysms ofthe subclavian artery are rare. The reported cases have been due to compression from cervical ribs (Steinberg, 1964), syphilis (Muller, 1935; Daniel, 1951), atherosclerosis (McCallen and Schaff, 1956; Richards and Elliott, 1957; Bjork, 1965), contiguous tuberculous lesions (Moloney, 1955; Hara and Bransford, 1963), and congenital defects in the arterial wall (Perry and...

A case of spontaneous pneumothorax .occurring at the end of labour in a healthy 17-year-old primigravida is described. Its occurrence was accompanied by marked surgical emphysema of the face, neck, arms and thorax. The patient had had previous thyroid surgery and was coincidentally found to have bilateral cervical ribs on chest X-ray. Previously described cases are reviewed, and the management ...

Roughness elements or turbulence promoters have been widely used to enhance heat transfer in cooling passages of modern gas turbine blades. Although such ribs substantially enhance heat transfer, the heat transfer coefficient is reduced immediately at corner downstream of each rib, creating hot spots. To remove such hot spots some of the ribs can be detached from the channel walls. In this pape...

Diplodocids are among the best known sauropod dinosaurs. Numerous specimens of currently 15 accepted species belonging to ten genera have been reported from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of North and South America, Europe, and Africa. The highest diversity is known from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the western United States: a recent review recognized 12 valid, named species...