This study aimed to determine the length of estrus period in Aceh cows based on changes characteristics cervical mucus observed using a camera-equipped artificial insemination (AI) endoscope. used twelve healthy and reproductively sound aged 4-6 years. All were synchronized prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) injected intramuscularly twice, 11 days apart. Estrus detection was conducted 24 hours following...

A significantly greater percentage of motile than immotile spermatozoa bore droplets at the osmolality of semen and cervical mucus. The percentage of spermatozoa with droplets was not significantly correlated with the osmolality of semen or the extent of cell swelling in response to quinine in hypotonic medium. Droplets appeared slightly more frequently (ie, were more obvious) in the presence o...

In 1980 Katz et al. derived a formula for the percentage of successful collisions (PSC) as a quantitative measure of sperm-cervical mucus penetration efficiency. The use of PSC waned after its validity was questioned by reports of values >100% and the observation that PSC varied with the cross-sectional area of the mucus column. The aim of the present study was to develop a more accurate measur...

BACKGROUND Intercourse results in a pregnancy essentially only if it occurs during the 6-day fertile interval ending on the day of ovulation. The strong association between timing of intercourse within this interval and the probability of conception typically is attributed to limited sperm and egg life times. METHODS A total of 782 women recruited from natural family planning centres in Europ...

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a very important tool in a diverse range of biomedical research as well as in diagnostic cytopathology. Smears prepared from cervical scrapes contain a large amount of overlying mucus that interferes with the standard immunocytochemical staining protocol. A modified ICC protocol is described, which involves pretreatment of these smears with 1 mg/ml solution of Ambro...

The current approach to infertility of assisted reproductive technology (ART) completely misses and then bypasses the evaluation and treatment of cervical factor infertility. In contrast, the Creighton Model FertilityCare System (CrMS), a method of fertility awareness that has the unique ability to quantify cervical mucus observations, and natural procreative technology (NaProTECHNOLOGY or NPT)...

Fifteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against human sperm cells were evaluated for reactions against human sperm by indirect immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, agglutination, complement-dependent immobilization, cervical mucus penetration, and hamster egg penetration assays. The MAbs were analyzed for specificity by immunofluorescent reactions with peripheral blood lymphocytes and s...

At coitus, human sperm are deposited into the anterior vagina, where, to avoid vaginal acid and immune responses, they quickly contact cervical mucus and enter the cervix. Cervical mucus filters out sperm with poor morphology and motility and as such only a minority of ejaculated sperm actually enter the cervix. In the uterus, muscular contractions may enhance passage of sperm through the uteri...