one of the most important factors in the development of societies, consider to traning. identification and training needs analysis, is a prerequisite for a successful educational system and determine the training needs is considered the first step of educational planning. the purpose of this study was to investigate educational needs of engineers, rice supervisors engineering agricultural engin...

The electromagnetic emission rates at SPS energies satisfy spectral constraints in leading order in the pion and nucleon densities. These constraints follow from the strictures of broken chiral symmetry. We saturate these constraints using available data, leading to model independent emission rates from a hadronic gas. With a simple fire-ball scenario, only large nucleon densities may account f...

The designations employed in the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IRRI concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, area, or of its authorities, or the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. SysNet is a systems research network established to develop methodologies for determining land use ...

Accurate multidecadal radiative flux records are vital to understand Arctic amplification and constrain climate model uncertainties. Uncertainty in the NASA Clouds Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES)-derived irradiances is larger over sea ice than any other surface type comes from several sources. The year-long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study of Climate (MOSAiC) expedition ce...

Conventional single-layer cloud assumptions lead to erroneous results in satellite retrieved cloud properties for multilayered multiphase cloud systems. The Cloud and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) project strives to develop an exploratory multilayer cloud data product using the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The new MODIS multilayer cloud products will be av...

New data products from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES; Wielicki et al., 1996) instrument were recently released. The Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) data product combines radiation budget data from CERES with cloud property retrievals from an imager on the same platform to provide a vastly improved characterization of the state of the atmosphere. In addition, the SSF inc...

The dwarf planet Ceres is known to host a considerable amount of water in its interior, and areas of water ice were detected by the Dawn spacecraft on its surface. Moreover, sporadic water and hydroxyl emissions have been observed from space telescopes. We report the detection of water ice in a mid-latitude crater and its unexpected variation with time. The Dawn spectrometer data show a change ...

We propose a human-driven Optical Music Recognition (OMR) system that creates symbolic music data from common Western notation scores. Despite decades of development, OMR still remains largely unsolved as state-ofthe-art automatic systems are unable to give reliable and useful results on a wide range of documents. For this reason our system, Ceres, combines human input and machine recognition t...

The microand macrophysical properties of clouds play a crucial role in Earth’s radiation budget. The NASA Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) is providing simultaneous measurements of the radiation and cloud fields on a global basis to improve the understanding and modeling of the interaction between clouds and radiation at the top of the atmosphere, at the surface, and within the ...