BACKGROUND Ischemic changes in the retinal circulation are an uncommon but severe adverse vascular reaction to intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin(®), Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA/Roche, Basel, Switzerland) for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). In the two cases reported here, ischemic changes in the retina vasculature following intravitreal bevacizumab for CRVO were observed with the ai...

BACKGROUND Combined central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is an uncommon retinal vascular disease which causes sudden visual acuity loss and is associated with poor prognosis and the development of severe complications. We report a very rare case of combined CRAO and CRVO in a patient with factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation (only 3 cases published). To ou...

Waldenstr€ om macroglobulinaemia (WM), also known as Waldenstr€ om lymphoma, is one of the malignant monoclonal gammopathies. The World Health Organization defines WM as a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma associated with a monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein (Buske et al, 2013). It is characterized by the presence of high levels of IgM, elevated serum viscosity and the presence of lymphoplasmac...

Patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) have retinal hemorrhages in all four retinal quadrants around the posterior pole, with a markedly dilated and tortuous venous system. CRVO frequently develops in patients at 60–69 years of age, and approximately 90% of the incidence is noted in patients at 50 years of age or older. It usually occurs in one eye, but occasionally in both eyes if...

PURPOSE To evaluate the association between the size of peripheral retinal nonperfusion and the number of intravitreal ranibizumab injections in patients with treatment-naïve central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS Fifty-four patients with treatment-naïve CRVO and macular edema were included. Each patient underwent a full ophthalmologic examination including optical coherence tomograph...

purpose : central retinal vein occlusion (crvo) is the most common vascular event in the eye after diabetic retinopathy. this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone (ivt) on acute crvo. materials & methods : in a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial, 27 eyes with recent onset (less than 2 months) crvo were randomly assigned to two groups. the treatment gro...

Elevated plasma homocysteine (hcys) has been associated with a greater risk of heart disease and stroke. A number of studies have suggested that hcys may be a contributing factor to development of various ocular disease. Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is one of the most common vision-threatening retinal vascular diseases, affecting primarily elderly patients. Several studies have demonst...

We report the case of a 62-year-old woman with a history of vitreoretinal surgery for vitreous hemorrhage secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Because of the persistence of macular edema (ME), she received 2 intravitreal injections of bevacizumab 0.5 mg (Avastin®, Genentech/Roche) three months after vitrectomy, without functional or anatomical improvement. Six months after vitrec...

The discovery of anti-angiogenics or vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF) agents is a clear breakthrough with exciting potential in medical management of retinal diseases.Ranibizumab is a humanized, affinitymatured VEGF antibody fragment that binds to and neutralizes all isoforms of VEGF, which has first received FDA approval for the treatment of macular edema due to both c...

PURPOSE The association between aqueous humor levels of various growth/inflammatory factors or cytokines and the severity of macular edema was investigated in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS Aqueous humor levels of 11 factors or cytokines were measured in CRVO patients with macular edema (n = 38) and in cataract patients (n = 15) as controls. Aqueous humor samples...