The Caucasus, at the border of Europe and Asia, is important for migration and over-wintering of wild waterbirds. Three flyways, the Central Asian, East Africa-West Asia, and Mediterranean/Black Sea flyways, converge in the Caucasus region. Thus, the Caucasus region might act as a migratory bridge for influenza virus transmission when birds aggregate in high concentrations in the post-breeding,...

Understanding the genetic origins and demographic history of Indian populations is important both for questions concerning the early settlement of Eurasia and more recent events, including the appearance of Indo-Aryan languages and settled agriculture in the subcontinent. Although there is general agreement that Indian caste and tribal populations share a common late Pleistocene maternal ancest...

The active tectonics of Anatolia is mostly characterized by its westward motion with respect to Eurasia between the Hellenic subduction in west and Arabia-Eurasia continental collision east. Although most deformation suggested be confined along Anatolia?s boundary elements, viz. North East Anatolian shear zones, recent studies indicate a higher magnitude internal strain accumulation, especially...

Toward the end of Pleistocene, archaic humans in Eurasia such as Neanderthals and Denisovans were completely replaced by anatomically modern dispersing from Africa. The causes underlying replacement extinction processes remain controversial, especially regarding relative importance random events, anthropogenic environmental factors. Here, we use most comprehensive agent-based modeling framework...

Assessment of model estimates of land–atmosphere CO2 exchange across Northern Eurasia M. A. Rawlins, A. D. McGuire, J. K. Kimball, P. Dass, D. Lawrence, E. Burke, X. Chen, C. Delire, C. Koven, A. MacDougall, S. Peng, A. Rinke, K. Saito, W. Zhang, R. Alkama, T. J. Bohn, P. Ciais, B. Decharme, I. Gouttevin, T. Hajima, D. Ji, G. Krinner, D. P. Lettenmaier, P. Miller, J. C. Moore, B. Smith, and T. ...