Indicator of Reduction In Soils (IRIS) technology is an important tool for identifying hydric soils, but it does not allow the user to monitor in real time. IRIS uses metal-oxide coatings on a polyvinyl chloride surface that, under anaerobic conditions, are removed varying degrees over 4-wk incubation period, during which time cognizant outcome. We document viability alternative approach using ...

Ammonia decreased metabolism by rat colonic epithelial cells of butyrate and acetate to CO2 and ketones, but increased oxidation of glucose and glutamine. Ammonia decreased cellular concentrations of oxaloacetate (OAA) for all substrates evaluated. The extent to which butyrate carbon was oxidized to CO2 after entering the TCA cycle was not significantly influenced by ammonia, suggesting there w...

Ammonia decreased metabolism by rat colonic epithelial cells of butyrate and acetate to CO2 and ketones but increased oxidation of glucose and glutamine. Ammonia decreased cellular concentrations of oxaloacetate for all substrates evaluated. The extent to which butyrate carbon was oxidized to CO2 after entering the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was not significantly influenced by ammonia, sugg...

The arteriovenous differences in the caecum of the rat have been compared for volatile fatty acids (VFA) and for electrolytes. Our results suggest the possibility of an exchange between VFA and chloride at the level of the caecal wall, rather than a net exchange between VFA and bicarbonate; however, the role of bicarbonate or Cl- at the cellular level is still unknown. Acetate uptake by the liv...

The synthesis of methyl butyrate and octyl acetate through immobilized Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 3562 lipase mediated transesterification was studied under solvent-free conditions. The effect of different transesterification variables, namely, molarity of alcohol, reaction time, temperature, agitation, addition of water, and enzyme amount on molar conversion (%) was investigated. A maximum molar con...

Virus-nonproducer Raji cells, when induced to early antigen synthesis by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate and sodium butyrate, showed an increase in DNA polymerase activity. This enzyme has the characteristics of a typical Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase with regard to chromatographical pattern and biological properties: it is eluted from DEAE-cellulose at 0.08 M NaCl, has a high salt re...

Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) has been recognized as an alternative to interspecies H2 transfer as a mechanism for syntrophic growth, but previous studies on DIET with defined co-cultures have only documented DIET with ethanol as the electron donor in the absence of conductive materials. Co-cultures of Geobacter metallireducens and Geobacter sulfurreducens metabolized propanol, b...

The surface morphology of micro- and nano- scale fiber determines its application to a great extent. At present, variety secondary microfibers nanofibers, such as porous, wrinkle, groove so on, have been prepared. Among them, grooved fibers are attracting more attention because their unique properties. In this paper, we review the literature on due void-based elongation, wrinkle-based collapsed...

Bacterial butyryl-CoA CoA-transferase activity plays a key role in butyrate formation in the human colon, but the enzyme and corresponding gene responsible for this activity have not previously been identified. A novel CoA-transferase gene is described from the colonic bacterium Roseburia sp. A2-183, with similarity to acetyl-CoA hydrolase as well as 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferase sequences....

In order to obtain evidence for the existence of psychrophilic methanogenic communities in sediments of deep lakes that are low-temperature environments (4 to 5 degrees C), slurries were first incubated at temperatures between 4 and 60 degrees C for several weeks, at which time they were amended, or not, with an additional substrate, such as cellulose, butyrate, propionate, acetate, or hydrogen...