Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tract and can affect several parts of the digestive system. There is a relationship between impaired mucosal barrier in the GIT of inflammatory bowel disease patients and the role of bacteria such as Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in CD. Apart from different therapeutic approaches for treating CD, developm...

background: medicinal plants use is growing in iran and controlling their quality in terms of contamination with toxic metals is critical. city of arak, due to its large industrial plants, is one of the most polluted cities of iran these pollutants can be transferred to the farms. methods: in this study, concentrations of metals such as aluminum, arsenic, lead and cadmium are measured by atomic...

background: the impact of cadmium (cd) on male infertility may be related to the interaction with metal-binding proteins known as metallothioneins (mts). trace elements like zinc (zn) have protective effects on testicular damage induced by cd. objective: we determined the effect of zn and low-dose cd pre-treatment on the expression of mt1 and mt2 genes on testicular sertoli cells. materials and...

Cadmium (Cd) is a phytotoxic heavy metal (HM) that can induce generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are considered as bio-ameliorators that help to mitigate HM-derived oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to assess AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis on changes in enzymatic activity and transcription of antioxidants of Medicago sativa to Cd s...