There is a lack of means of translating or relating work products from elicitation, such as work models, to design and using results of evaluation as feedback to design. This paper suggests that a richer model of evaluation be created that is built concurrently with the design activity and that records the cause / effect relationship between design and the problem domain and the implications wo...

Attention is commonly thought to be important for managing the limited resources available in sensory areas of the neocortex. Here we present an alternative view that attention arises as a byproduct of circuits centered on the basal ganglia involved in value-based decision making. The central idea is that decision making depends on properly estimating the current state of the animal and its env...

Toxicogenomics combines genetics, transcriptomics (genomic-scale mRNA expression), proteomics (celland tissuewide protein expression), metabonomics (metabolite profiling), and bioinformatics with conventional toxicology in an effort to understand the role of gene–environment interactions in disease. Central to the research strategy of the National Center for Toxicogenomics (NCT) at the NIEHS is...

There is little doubt that causal reasoning plays a vital role in human cognition. Indeed, it is difficult to see how we could make sense of almost any aspect of the physical or social world without an appreciation of cause and effect. For example, a causal interpretation of the world affords the ability to both make sense of previous events and, in turn, make predictions about future ones – tw...

In the United States, when medical devices are associated with adverse events that result in death or serious injury, or have malfunctions that could lead to death/serious injury, these events must be reported to the Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Devices and Radiologic Health by device manufacturers and user facilities. However, the defects in the medical device evaluation process (...

An integrated manufacturing process simulation framework has been developed to predict the trimmed edge tensile stretchability of AA6111-T4 sheets by incorporating the burr geometry, damage, and plastic strain from trimming simulations into subsequent tensile stretchability simulations. The influence of the trimming die clearances on the predicted tensile stretching ductility (stretchability) i...

Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This note describes some theoretically-possible failure modes for TCP connections and discusses possible remedies. In particular, one very simple fix is identified.