Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the main conversion process used in oil refineries. An X-ray microscopy method is used to show that metal poisoning and related structural changes in the zeolite active material lead to a non-uniform core–shell deactivation of FCC catalyst particles. The study links the detrimental effect of V and Ni poisoning with zeolite destruction and dealumination in a spa...

In this work, our methods for the dynamic risk analysis of large alarm databases [1-3], previously tested on a fluidized catalytic cracking unit (FCCU), are extended and tested using data over three years from a steam-methane reformer (SMR) unit at Air Liquide. This paper also introduces methods of providing online estimates that alert operators to potentially serious safety problems. The estim...

Conversion of vegetable oils and animal fats composed predominantly of triglycerides using pyrolysis type reactions represents a promising option for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. The purpose of this article was to collect and review literature on the thermo-chemical conversion of triglyceride based materials. The literature was divided and discussed as (1) direct thermal cra...

Abstract The Chemkin ® calculation software platform was used in this paper, using benzene, toluene, and phenol as tar model compounds, the cracking law of Brown’s gas to compounds studied by sensitivity analysis at temperature 892.5 K 1130.5 K, respectively. results showed that active free radicals -H -O promote breaking methyl bonds hydrogen bonds, formation phenoxy ions. With increasing temp...

A mathematical model for commercial naphtha catalytic reformer of Tehran refinery was developed. This model includes three sequencing fixed beds of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst at the steady state condition using detailed kinetic scheme involving 26 pseudo-components connected by a network of 47 reactions, in the range of C6 to C9 hydrocarbons. The reaction network consisted dehydrogenation, hydrogenation...

Catalytic cracking could enable low temperature conversion of hard-to recycle polyolefin plastics. However, traditional catalysts suffer from macro and microscopic mass transport limitations, which call for plastic pre-treatment.