How and why did the European Semester end up as main institutional vehicle of Recovery Resilience Facility (RRF)? To what extent this new set-up change power balance among key actors (for example, financial economic versus social affairs actors)? Drawing on historical institutionalism based 28 semi-structured interviews document analysis, our assessment suggests that while were initially side-l...

Spending on active labour market policies (ALMPs) has increased across Europe following the 2007 flexicurity strategy which emphasised smooth and rapid transitions from unemployment to work. Despite broad scholarly coverage of activation turn, connection between changes in non-standard employment remains unclear. Applying random effects within-between regression analysis, this paper finds that ...

This article asks whether the novel EU approach to member states’ economic adjustment strategies constitutes a ‘social investment turn’ by Italian and Spanish welfare states. The analytical framework combines insights from different strands of literature on policy change, in particular those devoted legacies policy-making ‘conditionings’ (constraints facilitators). study assesses extent social ...

This contribution argues that, without an ethical operational code, scholars', policymakers', businesspersons', and citizens' policy positions simply become expedient reactions to perceived problems, opportunities, interests. Without footing, policies as a whole will lack coherence, staying power, persuasive force. Key elements of code include: philosophical grounding core values, concepts soci...

Abstract This article reports on a survey study comparing the general public's attitude towards nudging to its traditional tools of government: information, subsidies, taxes and mandates. The was based responses from representative sample adult Swedish population. In separate evaluations, respondents rated how positively or negatively they perceived set specific policy tools, behavioral, across...

Abstract Local public managers increasingly use behavioral policy instruments to influence the behavior of citizens. However, despite their increased reliance on these instruments, there is little evidence why local manager would prefer over classic stick, carrot or sermon-type instruments. We conduct a mixed-methods study, combining stated-preference survey and two focus groups, examine whethe...

The inclusion of chapters that introduce a high standard intellectual property protection in free trade agreements has become an essential feature the international commercial policy developed countries. Based on analysis legal policies and practices entering into implementing commitments new generation European Union (EU), this article points out there are two prominent aspects provisions agre...