AIMS About 40% of East Asians carry an aldehyde dehydrogenase-2*2 (ALDH2*2) allele, and the influence of the ALDH2*2 allele on human cardioprotection has not been studied. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ALDH2*2 allele on cardioprotection of patients with congenital heart diseases after open-heart surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS The right atrial appendage was harvested before p...

OBJECTIVE The mechanisms by which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pretreatment induces cardioprotection following ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and high mobility group box 1 (HMGBx1) signaling plays an important role in LPS-induced cardioprotection. METHODS In in vivo experiments, age- and weight- m...

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR) injury easily occurrs during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in elderly patients. In an attempt to develop an effective strategy, we employed a pig model of MIR injury to investigate the maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure, and left intraventricular pressure. Coronary sinus cardiac troponin T (TnT) and ...

Amiloride analogs block Na+/H+exchange and thereby protect the heart from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. It is unclear whether drugs must be present before ischemia to be cardioprotective. After 60 min of global ischemia in the coronary-perfused right ventricular wall (RVW), as little as 1 min of exposure to dimethyl amiloride (DMA) immediately at the time of reperfusion protected the ...

Recently, we reported that exogenous administration of Met(5)-enkephalin (ME) for 24 h reduces infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion in rabbits. In the present study, we tested whether ME-induced cardioprotection is exhibited in murine hearts and whether chronic infusion of this peptide can render hearts tolerant to ischemia. Barbiturate-anesthetized open-chest mice (C57BL/6J) were subjected ...

Recent work shows that cooling protection after mouse cardiac arrest and cardiomyocyte ischemia is mediated by Akt activation. The PI3K p85 subunit can either augment or inhibit Akt activation depending on its binding to p110 or PTEN respectively. To further clarify the role of PI3K p85 in cardioprotection, we studied novel TAT-p85 fusion proteins that selectively inhibit PI3K p85 binding. We h...

Nitric oxide (NO), a vasoactive gas that can freely diffuse into the cell, has many physiological effects in various cell types. Since 1986, numerous studies of ischemic preconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury have been undertaken and the roles of the NO signaling pathway in cardioprotection have been explored. Many studies have confirmed the effect of NO and that its relative...

Maddaford, Thane G., and Grant N. Pierce. Myocardial dysfunction is associated with activation of Na1/H1 exchange immediately during reperfusion. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 42): H2232–H2239, 1997.—Amiloride analogs block Na1/H1 exchange and thereby protect the heart from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. It is unclear whether drugs must be present before ischemia to be card...

BACKGROUND Resveratrol is a natural compound that affects energy metabolism and is also known to possess an array of cardioprotective effects. However, its overall effects on energy metabolism and the underlying mechanism involved in cardioprotection require further investigation. Herein we hypothesize that ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels as molecular sensors of cellular metabolism may...

ACROSS SEVERAL MAMMALIAN SPECIES, moderate to high intensity aerobic-type exercise consistently protects against experimental ischemia-reperfusion (IR) insults by mitigating IR-induced ventricular arrhythmias, pump dysfunction, and tissue death [see review (8)]. Collective understanding of exercise-induced cardioprotection against IR injury was significantly advanced by the observation that a f...