High-energy beams of charged nuclear particles !protons and heavier ions" offer significant advantages for the treatment of deep-seated local tumors in comparison to conventional megavolt photon therapy. Their physical depth-dose distribution in tissue is characterized by a small entrance dose and a distinct maximum !Bragg peak" near the end of range with a sharp fall-off at the distal edge. Ta...

Scanned carbon ion radiotherapy beams provide highly conformal dose distributions for stationary tumors and excellent sparing of nearby normal tissues due to the sharp energy-loss maximum (Bragg peak) near the end of the particle range and minimal lateral Coulomb scattering. For moving targets (e.g., respiratory motion) treatment delivery with scanned ion beams becomes considerably more complex...

Recurrences of cervical cancer after definitive radiotherapy often occur at common iliac or para-aortic lymph nodes as marginal lymph node recurrences. Patients with these recurrences have a chance of long-term survival by optimal re-treatment with radiotherapy. However, the re-irradiation often overlaps the initial and the secondary radiotherapy fields and can result in increased normal tissue...

High linear energy transfer (LET) radiation or heavy ion such as carbon ion radiation is used as a method for advanced radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer. It has many advantages over the conventional photon based radiotherapy using Co-60 gamma or high energy X-rays from a Linear Accelerator. However, charged particle therapy is very costly. One way to reduce the cost as well as irradiation...

Boris Ni,† Rodney Andrews,‡ David Jacques,‡ Dali Qian,‡ Muthu B. J. Wijesundara,§ Yongsoo Choi,§ Luke Hanley,§ and Susan B. Sinnott*,† Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The UniVersity of Florida, GainesVille, Florida 32611-6400, Center for Applied Energy Sciences, The UniVersity of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, and Department of Chemistry, The UniVersity of Illinois at Chi...

Contrary to the central spark ignition concept, the fuel of the deuterium-tritium (DT) capsule in a fast ignition (FI) scheme will be compressed at lower implosion velocities to densities of several hundred g/cm, what reduces problems with high symmetry and hydrodynamic instabilities [1]. To ignite such a precompressed pellet, additional internal energy must be allocated in a local region of it...

Ion micro beam analysis has been applied to the investigation of plasma deposited layers covering the divertor tiles in the JET tokamak. Since the layers are about 100 lm thick they are too thick to be completely investigated by ordinary ion beam analysis. Cross sections of the layers were prepared by cutting and polishing. Elemental depth profiles were determined from the two dimensional image...

Carbon ions/Carbon-therapy/Biologieal treatment planlRBE. Duc to the RBE variations, the carbon-ion doses (in Gy) are no longer sufficient to moniter adequately the biological effect of these radiations. Therefore, "RBE dose weighting factors" WRBE allowing for the RBE variations with energy, dose and biological system have to be introduced in the treatment plans in order to provide the physici...