Introduction Conclusions References

Black (pyrogenic) carbon in boreal forests: a synthesis of current knowledge and uncertainties C. M. Preston and M. W. I. Schmidt Pacific Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 506 W. Burnside Rd., Victoria BC, V8Z 1M5, Canada Dept. of Geography, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland Received: 22 December 2005 – Accepted: 12 January 2006 – Published: 28 Februa...

Rangelands are the most important ecosystem for carbon sequestration. Knowledge of plant response to grazing is one of important requirements for rangeland management. Stocking rate is one of main factors in destruction of the vegetation cover in rangeland ecosystems. Livestock grazing has the potential to substantially alter carbon storage in grassland ecosystem. This study examined the effect...

Black carbon concentration trends in Helsinki during 1996–2005 L. Järvi, H. Junninen, A. Karppinen, R. Hillamo, A. Virkkula, T. Mäkelä, T. Pakkanen, and M. Kulmala Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 64, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland Finnisn Meteorological Institute, Erik Palmenin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland Received: 13 August 2007 – Accepted: 1 Oct...

since renaissance, the natural ecosystems have fallen into a complete state ofdisarray due to the rise in the amount of carbon dioxide. soil, the unsparing stuff, is one of themajor sources of carbon storage, and plays a paramount role in the global equilibrium ofcarbon as well as carbon sequestration. given that iran is benefiting from vast steppes, therate of carbon sequestration in them dese...

The biological activity of particles is largely dependent on their size in biological systems. Dispersion in the aqueous phase has been both a critical impediment to and a prerequisite for particle studies. Carbon black has been used as a surrogate to investigate the biological effects of carbonaceous particles. Here, biocompatible methods were established to disperse carbon black into ultrafin...

Despite the overwhelming importance of earthworm activity in the soil system, there are a limited number of studies that have examined the impact resulting from biochar addition to soil. Biochar is part of the black carbon continuum of chemo-thermal converted biomass. This review summarizes existing data pertaining to earthworms where biochar and other black carbon substances, including slash-a...

Among all known materials, we found that a forest of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes behaves most similarly to a black body, a theoretical material that absorbs all incident light. A requirement for an object to behave as a black body is to perfectly absorb light of all wavelengths. This important feature has not been observed for real materials because materials intrinsically...

The dye of wastewater is a major environmental problem. Chemical and biological treatment of wastewaters containing dye is difficult due to the low level of adsorption and chemical stability of dyes. Activated carbon is usually used for adsorption of these materials, but because of high prices and restore problems, researchers trying to find available, low-cost materials with high adsorption. I...