a dissolved methane sensor based on silicone tube was designed, constructed and optimized.the silicone tube diameter, silicone tube length and helium flow rate (as the carrier gas(were considered as process parameters to be optimized.a continuous stream of helium (50 ml/min) was directed through the tubing, sweeping out the dissolved methane which diffused through the walls of the tubing from t...

The popularity of tattoos has increased tremendously in the last 10 yr particularly among athletes and military personnel. The tattooing process involves permanently depositing ink under the skin at a similar depth as eccrine sweat glands (3-5 mm). PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the sweat rate and sweat Na concentration of tattooed versus nontattooed skin. METHODS The part...

Microfluidics is an engineering tool used to control and manipulate fluid flows, with practical applications for lab-on-a-chip, point-of-care testing, and biological/medical research. However, microfluidic platforms typically lack the ability to create a fluidic duct, having an arbitrary flow path, and to change the path as needed without additional design and fabrication processes. To address ...

BACKGROUND While the appearance of red clots in the dialyzer is a common phenomenon in every hemodialysis unit, the occurrence of white thrombi in the tubing is relatively rare. CASE PRESENTATION We describe an adolescent male with recurrent white thrombi formation in the hemodialysis tubing. This patient had chronic renal failure from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, but was no longer nep...

PURPOSE This tutorial demonstrates the effects of tubing length and coupling type (i.e., foam tip or personal earmold) on hearing threshold and real-ear-to-coupler difference (RECD) measures. METHOD Hearing thresholds from 0.25 kHz through 8 kHz are reported at various tubing lengths for 28 normal-hearing adults between the ages of 22 and 31 years. RECD values are reported for 14 of the adult...

The continuous production and harvest of uncontaminated cells for periods of several months are a major requirement inthe design of a suitable culture system. Many continuous-culture units have been reported previously (1, 2), and some units are now commercially available. However, in these units, rubber, metals, and other sources of potentially toxic extractives are not prevented from direct c...

Radionuclide shuntography is a safe and simple method to determine shunt patency and analyze changes in CSF (Cerebro-Spinal-Fluid) flow. We present a case of complicated CSF shunt, in which radioisotopic scan correctly identified disconnection of the shunt tubing system localizing the site of extravasation accurately. The findings were confirmed by surgery performed for correction of the ...

In the continuous gas lift operation, compressed gas is injected into the lower section of tubing through annulus. The produced liquid flow rate is a function of gas injection rate and injection depth. All the equations to determine depth of injection assumes constant density for gas based on an average temperature of surface and bottomhole that decreases the accuracy of gas lift design. Also g...