This paper describes concepts and techniques to measure the flexibility of a transportation system to accommodate changing demands and traffic patterns. Flexibility is increasingly desired as a characteristic of transport systems, particularly in light of changes in supply chains and traffic patterns, and the concern for the vulnerability of the system to both natural disasters and terrorist ac...

A well-known characteristic of working memory (WM) is its limited capacity. The source of such limitations, however, is a continued point of debate. Developmental research is positioned to address this debate by jointly identifying the source(s) of limitations and the mechanism(s) underlying capacity increases. Here we provide a cross-domain survey of studies and theories of WM capacity develop...

In this paper we consider a multiple access system with oversaturation of the channel by means of a combined OCDMA/OCDMA scheme with scrambled orthogonal bases. We investigate the performance and the associated maximum channel capacity (channel load) for uncoded BPSK modulation with binary valued chip sequences and optimum multiuser detection for spreading factor N = 4, 8, 16 and 32. It is foun...

The adaptive zero-error capacity of discrete memoryless channels (DMC) with noiseless feedback has been shown to be positive whenever there exists at least one channel output “disprover”, i.e. a channel output that cannot be reached from at least one of the inputs. Furthermore, whenever there exists a disprover, the adaptive zero-error capacity attains the Shannon (small-error) capacity. Here, ...

Various scenarios are considered where some information is more important than other and needs better protection. A general theoretical framework for unequal error protection is developed in terms of exponential error bounds. It provides some fundamental limits and optimal strategies for such problems. New class of message-wise unequal error protection problems are also introduced. Even for dat...

background: hospital surge capacity (hsc) is essential to the successful management of expected consequences of disasters and mass casualty incidents (mcis). in mcis, an unanticipated number of sick or injured people refer to the hospital, and thus, the hospital is faced with a significant increase in the burden of necessary activities and services. therefore, managing the process in order to m...

Faced with social and health system capacity constraints and rising and changing demand for welfare services, governments and welfare providers are increasingly relying on innovation to help support and enhance services. However, the evidence reported by several studies indicates that the realization of that potential is not an easy task. Innovations can be deemed inherently complex to implemen...

We take a capacity view of a number of different space-time coding (STC) schemes. While the Shannon capacity of multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) channels has been known for a number of years now, the attainment of these capacities remains a challenging issue in many cases. The introduction of space-time coding schemes in the last 2–3 years has, however, begun paving the way towards the atta...

Cell growth is a complex phenotype widely used in systems biology to gauge the impact of genetic and environmental perturbations. Due to the magnitude of genome-wide studies, resolution is often sacrificed in favor of throughput, creating a demand for scalable, time-resolved, quantitative methods of growth assessment. We present ODELAY (One-cell Doubling Evaluation by Living Arrays of Yeast), a...