The study is devoted to both static and earthquake response analysis of retaining structures acted upon by lateral earth pressure. Two main approaches were implemented in the analysis, namely, Mononobe-Okabe analytical method numerical Finite element procedure as provided ready software ABAQUS with explicit dynamic method. A basic case considered present work bridge approach walls a part AL-Jad...

Aseismic design of gravity wall still is a more difficult issue. The reason stems from the complexity of the problem which requires skills in soil mechanics, foundation engineering, soil-structure interaction along with knowledge of structure dynamics. Designing seismic gravity retaining structures deals with both kinematic interaction and inertial interaction but almost seismic building code n...

This paper explores some of the aspects of embedded retaining wall design, in particular the interrelationship between system uncertainty and the use of factors of safety in the various design procedures. System uncertainty reflects the mismatch between idealised retaining wall behaviour and what is observed in practice. This feature is modelled using the concept of fuzzy sets where the degree ...

There are many methods for the analysis and design of embedded cantilever retaining walls. They involve various different simpli®cations of the net pressure distribution to allow calculation of the critical retained height. In the UK, it is commonly assumed that net pressure consists of the sum of the active and passive limiting pressure values. In the USA, the net pressure is commonly simpli®e...

abstract the prediction of active earth pressures is essential to the design of retaining walls in case of reinforced and unreinforced soils. in this study, a new analytical method is presented to determine the coefficient of earth pressure. the horizontal slice method is used to compute the active earth pressure behind a rigid retaining wall in consideration of the granular soils. to verify th...

Abstract This paper investigates the performance of four multi-objective optimization algorithms, namely non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), particle swarm (MOPSO), strength Pareto evolutionary (SPEA2), and multi-verse (MVO), in developing an optimal reinforced concrete cantilever (RCC) retaining wall. The wall design was based on two major requirements: geotechnical stability...