Real-world levels of attenuation from hearing protection devices are usually much lower than the rated values obtained under near-ideal circumstances. The shortfall is even more extreme for earplugs than it is for earmuffs, primarily because of the complicated process of fitting the plugs within the ear canal. This study examines the use of a commercially-available lubricant for hearing aids to...

The most remarkable difference between electric vehicles (EVs) and conventional ones is the fuel burning dependency of internal combustion engine, while emerging EVs operate on motors. These alternations create staggering shifts in both lubricants' market demand performance specifications. Lubricants for electrical powertrain constitutes greases, transmission oils, lubricants auxiliary systems ...

1.1 Lubrication (Rizvi, 2009) The principle of supporting a sliding load on a friction reducing film is known as lubrication (Ludema, 1996). The substance of which the film is composed is a lubricant, and to apply it is to lubricate. These are not new concepts, nor, in their essence, particularly involved ones. Farmers lubricated the axles of their ox carts with animal fat centuries ago. But mo...

INTRODUCTION: Nano/micro-scale tribological properties (surface roughness and frictional coefficient of engineering and biological materials) have been investigated through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) [1]. At the macro-scale, previous studies in the literature have reported on the effect of lubricants on friction and wear through pin-on-disk tests and there has been the general agreement that...

Ionic liquids are salts, many of which are typically viscous fluids at room temperature. The fluids are characterized by negligible vapor pressures under ambient conditions. These properties have led us to study the effectiveness of ionic liquids containing both organic cations and anions for use as space lubricants. In the previous paper we have measured the vapor pressure and some tribologica...

Lubricants ordinarily operate by keeping two sliding surfaces separated. The efficiency of a lubricant may be expressed by equations of hydrodynamics where the mechanical properties of the films of lubricants are adequately defined by the properties of bulk lubricant. In the case of water lubrication of black rubber at slow speeds and low pressures the lubricating ability of water is shown to b...

Limited crude reserves, consistently rising oil prices, unsafe disposal of the harmful lubricants and its guaranteed adverse aftereffects has increased concern for replenishing the environment. Development of environmental friendly lubricants and its appropriate usage is an option of prime importance which can overcome such problems. This paper investigates the prospects of Mahua oil based lubr...

The study evaluates the micronized poloxamers Lptrol micro127 (poloxamer 407) and Lptrol micro 68 (poloxamer 188) as lubricants in combination with the dry binders microcrystalline cellulose and spray-dried lactose. Magnesium stearate was employed as the comparative lubricant. The parameters under study included energy for friction, plasticity, ejection force, tensile strength of tablets, and d...

A better knowledge of the transport and thermodynamic properties for the refrigerant+lubricant system is required to properly design the refrigeration circuit. This is essential also to develop proper models able to predict the behavior of the mixture refrigerant+lubricant depending on the working conditions. However, the experimental data available in literature are insufficient to build dedic...