The objective of this study was to compare the adaptation of mechanically softened gutta-percha to the root canal wall in the presence and absence of smear layer. The root canals of 20 freshly extracted human maxillary incisors were cleaned and shaped. Prior to obturation, 10 root canals were irrigated with 20 ml of 50% citric acid followed by 20 ml of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. All canals were...

The goal of this paper was to develop and demonstrate practical methods forcomputing sub-pixel areas (SPAs) from coarse-resolution satellite sensor data. Themethods were tested and verified using: (a) global irrigated area map (GIAM) at 10-kmresolution based, primarily, on AVHRR data, and (b) irrigated area map for India at 500-mbased, primarily, on MODIS data. The sub-pixel irrigated areas (SP...

statement of problem: bacterial agents are the primary cause of pulpoperiapical diseases. therefore, an irrigating solution with proper antibacterial ability should be used to eliminate the bacterial agents during canal instrumentation. purpose: the aim of present study was to compare the antibacterial effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine to 0.5% sodium hypochlorite as canal irrigating solutions. mater...

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of an electronic apex locator (EAL) and radiovisigraphy (RVG) in working length (WL) determination. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on Single-rooted maxillary/mandibular teeth requiring root canal treatment. After administration of local anesthesia, the teeth were isolated and the pulp cavities were accessed...

by determining normal ranges of spinal canal diameters we can make early diagnosis in persons who have lower diameters of spinal canal. these persons are predisposed to spinal canal stenosis that is a major cause of spinal radiculopathies. in different studies performed in several countries, minimum and maximum ranges of spinal canal diameters were different for each population. in this study, ...

Effects of cropping practices on soil properties viz. particle size distribution, pH, bulk density (BD), field capacity (FC, -33 kPa), permanent wilting point (PWP, -1500 kPa), available water capacity (AWC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) were assessed. The pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were developed for saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), water retention at FC and PWP of soils for different...

A water use simulation for citrus (Citrus sinensis) was used to estimate the effects of climate, soil-available water, rooting depth, allowable depletion of available water, and partial coverage irrigation on the annual irrigation requirements. The soil in the study was excessively drained Candler sand (hyperthermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments) of the Central Florida Ridge. Variation of an...

INTRODUCTION The effect of smear layer and debris on the success rate of endodontic treatment has not yet been definitely determined. So the present study was aimed to evaluate the amount of smear layer and debris on the canal walls prepared with a combination of hand and rotary ProTaper technique using NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) alternately as root canal irrigants using s...