Preservation of a balance between synaptic excitation and inhibition is critical for normal brain function. A number of homeostatic cellular mechanisms have been suggested to play a role in maintaining this balance, including long-term plasticity of GABAergic inhibitory synapses. Many previous studies have demonstrated a coupling of postsynaptic spiking with modification of perisomatic inhibiti...

The optogenetic manipulation of light-activated ion-channels/pumps (i.e., opsins) can reversibly activate or suppress neuronal activity with precise temporal control. Therefore, optogenetic techniques hold great potential to establish causal relationships between specific neuronal circuits and their function in freely moving animals. Due to the critical role of the hippocampal CA1 region in mem...

OF THE DISSERTATION ........................................................................... ii DEDICATION .................................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES.................................................................................. ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...........................................

Introduction: Since organophosphorus compounds (OP) are toxic and designed to destroy insects and pest species, there are many hazards associated with their use. Although, the main target site of these compounds is acetylcholinesterase (AChE), however it has become increasingly evident that OPs have also other direct effects on cellular processes. In the present study, the effects of low con...

Mechanosensory transduction (MST) in proprioceptors, and other low threshold mechanosensory nerve terminals (LTMT), has been debated intensely for decades. MST muscle spindles produces a receptor potential that encodes stimulus speed duration, is predominantly due to Na+, little Ca2+, plus some transient, non-mechanically-gated K+ ion fluxes. The abundant, multiple Na+-selective DEG/ENaC channe...

The results of experimental studies on the phase formation CaAl2O4 (CA) and CaAl4O7 (CA2) from CaCO3-Al2O3 powder mixtures in temperature range 1250 - 1450 ° C ate presented. In order to calculate content raw materials charge, criterion obtaining high-alumina clinker with Al2O3 71 72 wt. % CaO 27 28 wt.% is proceeded. This mass ratio system state diagram suggests presence two calcium-aluminate ...

ion channels are responsible for control of cell function in excitable tissues such as heart and brain and also in organs and tissues traditionally thought to be non- excitable including liver and epithelium. in the present research, the effect of lead (pb2+) on ca2+ -dependent action potential and currents was studied in f77 neuronal soma membrane of helix aspersa. for this purpose, action pot...

the complexation reactions between mg2+, ca2+, sr2+ and ba2+ metal cations with 15-crown-5 (15c5) were studied in acetonitrile (an)-methanol (meoh) binary mixtures at different temperatures using conductometric method. 15c54 forms 1:1 complexes with mg2+, ca2+ and sr2+ cations in solutions. the ma2+ cation forms a 2:1 complex (ratio of lighand to cation) in solutions. a linear relation was obse...