BACKGROUND Despite public denials, internal tobacco company documents indicate that adolescents have long been the target of cigarette advertising and promotional activities. Recent longitudinal evidence suggests that 34% of new experimentation occurs because of advertising and promotions. OBJECTIVE To apportion responsibility for smoking experimentation and future smoking-attributable mortal...

O p e n A c c e s s Fermented Camel Milk (Chal): Chemical, Microbial and Functional Properties Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (IAUPS) Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran , Karaj campus, Karaj, Iran. ...

Because little is known about the ecology of influenza viruses in camels, 460 nasal swab specimens were collected from healthy (no overt illness) Bactrian camels in Mongolia during 2012. One specimen was positive for influenza A virus (A/camel/Mongolia/335/2012[H3N8]), which is phylogenetically related to equine influenza A(H3N8) viruses and probably represents natural horse-to-camel transmission.

Diabetes elicits an increase in the oxidative stress-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Fifty male rats were divided into two main groups, first group served as control group was considered as normal non-diabetic (n=10). Second group (n=40): rats were subcutaneously injected with alloxan (150 mg/kg. body weight) for induction of diabetes. Then the diabetic rats were divided into four equal subgr...

Heat shock proteins are ubiquitous, induced under a number of environmental and metabolic stresses, with highly conserved DNA sequences among mammalian species. Camelus dromedaries (the Arabian camel) domesticated under semi-desert environments, is well adapted to tolerate and survive against severe drought and high temperatures for extended periods. This is the first report of molecular clonin...

We obtained the full genome of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from a camel in Qatar. This virus is highly similar to the human England/Qatar 1 virus isolated in 2012. The MERS-CoV from the camel efficiently replicated in human cells, providing further evidence for the zoonotic potential of MERS-CoV from camels.

While the typical Arabian camel is characterized by a single colored coat, there are rare populations with white spotting patterns. White spotting coat patterns are found in virtually all domesticated species, but are rare in wild species. Theories suggest that white spotting is linked to the domestication process, and is occasionally associated with health disorders. Though mutations have been...

ABSTRACT As drinking camel milk for treatment of diabetes is common practice and as it was previously found that camel milk has large concentrations of insulin, a project was carried out to examine this phenomenon. Colostrum and milk of various mammals were examined for insulin and the effect of camel milk on blood sugar levels of laboratory rats was examined. It was found that colostrums conta...

The camel has not been subject to selective pressures and is not differentiated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate differentiation of camels inhabiting the extreme geographical habitats for the species. In this paper we compared the camel populations of India and Southern region of Africa to adjudge the differentiation between the two populations. Utilizing 12 microsatellite loci it ...