At many marine-terminating glaciers, the breakup of mélange, a floating aggregation of sea ice and icebergs, has been accompanied by an increase in iceberg calving and ice mass loss. Previous studies have argued that mélange may suppress calving by exerting a buttressing force directly on the glacier terminus. In this study, I adapt a discrete element model to explicitly simulate mélange as a c...

introduction secondary sex ratio (ssr) is the proportion of males to females at birth. it has been shown in many different mammalian species, many factors are associated with ssr. changes in secondary sex ratio in dairy cows is considered economically important and the ability to change it could affect the revenues and profitability of a dairy farm. thus, sperm or embryo sexing techniques in re...

than to calf birth weight alone. Percent calving difficulty is the percentage of births requiring assistance from the herdsman. Calving scores of3 or higher were classified as difficult births based on a scoring system ranging from I = no assistance to 5 = caesarian birth or abnormal presentation. Due to the substantially higher incidence of calving difficulty in 1978 over 1979 (11.3 percent vs...

In classical sociology, there is a sharp separation between the superstructure reflecting cultural ideals and the concrete Structural Base (SB). The authors hypothesize a Doxical Superstructure (DS) in its own space at a higher level, containing concepts such as completeness, necessity and possibility associated with abstract concepts like beliefs, ethics, knowledge, relations and science. The ...

In this Chapter, we further highlight the difficulties to combat the problems of change with conventional techniques, in view of maintenance and evolution challenges discussed in Chapter 1. We also briefly preview some of the remedies to fight these problems using unconventional approaches. With emphasis on complexity inherent in software, we focus on the following problems: Poor visibility of ...

producers. This loss is estimated at $750 million annually nationwide. Calving difficulty increases calf death loss, cow mortality, labor and veterinary costs; it delays the return of cows to estrus and reduces conception rates. It also lowers calf weaning weight and market value, which results from breeding of young heifers and cows to easy calving bulls to reduce calving difficulty. Studies s...

ABSTARCT The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of factors affecting reproductive traits in the Holstein population of the Isfahan dairy farms for subsequent compilation of the model for genetic evaluation as well as for herd management practice. A data set containing 99012 records were analyzed by a linear model with fixed effects of year , herd ,season, parity of dam, calving ...

p REPARTUM and post-partum energy intake has been shown to influence reproductive performance of beef cows (Wiltbank et al., 1962, 1964). A low level of energy before calving was shown to delay onset of estrus following calving. Marked differences in conception rate were noted in cows on varying levels of energy following calving. Conception rate was decreased by low levels of energy after calv...

Calving in cattle is affected by calf morphology and by dam characteristics. It is described by two different traits: maternal calving ease, which is the ability to generate dams with good physiological predisposition to calving, and direct calving ease, which is the ability to generate calves that are easily born. The aim of this study was to identify regions of cattle genome harboring genes p...

Body condition score is used as a management tool to predict competency of reproduction in beef cows. Therefore, a retrospective study was performed to evaluate association of BCS at calving with subsequent pregnancy rate, days to first postpartum ovulation, nutrient status (assessed by blood metabolites), and calf BW change in 2- and 3-yr-old cows (n = 351) managed and selected to fit their en...