Courtship behavior in frogs is an ideal model for investigating the relationships among social experience, gonadal steroids, and behavior. Reception of mating calls causes an increase in androgen levels in listening males, and calling, in turn, depends on the presence of androgens. However, previous studies found that androgen replacement does not always restore calling to intact levels, and th...

above-ground biomass and a 20-fold increase in plant cover by Artemesia frigida, a common shrubby plant of some North American and Asian grasslands. This carbon dioxide induced enhancement of plant growth, among the highest so far reported, provides evidence from a native grassland that rising carbon dioxide levels since the onset of industrial times may have been contributing to the observed s...

The social brain hypothesis predicts that humans have an average of about 150 relationships at any given time. Within this 150, there are layers of friends of an ego, where the number of friends in a layer increases as the emotional closeness decreases. Here we analyse a mobile phone dataset, firstly, to ascertain whether layers of friends can be identified based on call frequency. We then appl...

ing leaders to create a forum to address the enormous challenges that face the profession now, and will continue to do so over the next several years. Many in the profession have been addressing these challenges, typically within the confines of the organizations that employ them. There has been no focused forum where nurse leaders themselves have an intellectual space for dialogue and planning...

Library developers often have to deal with client compatibility issues across versions of a library that are identical in their API specification. The reason for this can often be traced to some unspecified assumptions made by the client about the behaviour of exported library functions. Earlier work in this direction includes [4] . One could partially address this problem by analyzing the data...

PHRED is the most frequently used base caller algorithm in genome projects. An interesting point on PHRED utilization is the fact that a low score on some base may not actually correspond to a miscalling on that base, but it may stand for a putative error on the region around this base. In order to evaluate the efficiency of PHRED on base calling and base quality assigning, we have sequenced pU...

Introduction: health is one the greatest blessings of great lord to people. many researches have been done that analyzed relation between prayer and health that most of them was about mental health. Physical health is a dimension of life that is importance and few researches have been done about it then in this article, we want study the relationship between pray and physical health among the i...

Muka Qiang has two phonological tones. Contrary to typological expectations of a two-tone system, both are types of high tone: non-high syllables are toneless. The first type of tone is a high word tone that aligns with the left edge of the word and spreads rightward, linking to as many as four syllables; lexical prosodic domains longer than four syllables have not been observed. The other tone...

While Nalimov’s endgame tables for Western Chess are the most used today, their Depth-to-Mate metric is not the most efficient or effective in use. The authors have developed and used new programs to create tables to alternative metrics and recommend better strategies for endgame play.

Engendering a Professional Woman Playwright : Aphra Behn’s Adaptation Strategies ....................................................................Riwako Kaji Ghosts and Money in Great Expectations ..........................................................Takashi Nakamura The Changing Distance between Jude and Sue: Cousinship and Hardy in Jude the Obscure ........................................