Microstructured biomaterials such as mollusk shells receive much attention at present, due to the promise that advanced materials can be designed and synthesized with biomimetic techniques that take advantage of self-assembly and aqueous, ambient processing conditions. A satisfactory understanding of this process requires characterization of the microstructure not only in the mature biomaterial...

The possible intrusion of CO2 into a given freshwater aquifer due to leakage from deep geological storage involves a decrease in pH, which has been directly associated with the remobilization of hazardous trace elements via mineral dissolution and/or via desorption processes. In an effort to evaluate the potential risks to potable water quality, the present study is devoted to experimental inve...

Variations in speleothem P concentration show cyclic patterns that have important implications for high resolution palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. However, little is known about the speciation of P in calcite speleothems. Here we employ solid-state P and H magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopic techniques as a non-destructive method for an...

Cone-in-cone (CIC) and beef (BF) carbonate lenses ornament detachment zone faults underlying Triassic growth basins on Edgeøya. Field relationships place CIC and BF growth as during early diagenesis and a transition from hydroplastic to a later brittle-style of faulting that is marked by coarser calcite veining. Deformation is constrained to have occurred at<300 m depth. Multiple models exist f...

We introduce Twin RSA, pairs of RSA moduli (n, n + 2), and formulate several questions related to it. Our main questions are: is Twin RSA secure, and what is it good for?

Seasonal shifts in calcium carbonate solution equilibria in the limnetic zone of Lake Constance were documented between 1981 and 1983. Except during mixing times, lake water was supersaturated with respect to calcite; epilimnetic supersaturation maxima were closely related to changes in pH. Sedimentation of calcium from the lower boundary of the euphotic zone to the lake bottom was also assesse...

limb bud first appears during the third week of gestation with the upper limb buds appearing a few days before the lower limb buds. complete absence of one or more limbs, called amelia, occurs prior to the eighth week of gestation. we report a case of amelia in a twin gestation.

The calcitic skeletal elements of many organisms contain small amounts of proteins and glycoproteins which are incorporated within single crystals of calcite. Extraction and partial purification of the intracrystalline macromolecules allowed the identification of their interactions with synthetic calcite crystals. Specific interactions were inferred from induced morphological modifications asso...

Sea urchin teeth are remarkable and complex calcite structures, continuously growing at the forming end and self-sharpening at the mature grinding tip. The calcite (CaCO(3)) crystals of tooth components, plates, fibers, and a high-Mg polycrystalline matrix, have highly co-oriented crystallographic axes. This ability to co-orient calcite in a mineralized structure is shared by all echinoderms. H...