Originally published by the National Center for Study of Collective Bargaining in Higher Education and Professions, Proceedings, Twenty-First Annual Conference, April, 1993, Unions Management: Working Our Way Out Fiscal Stress, Caesar J. Naples, Editor

In his logical foundation of arithmetic, Frege faced the problem that semantic interpretation system does not determine reference abstract terms completely. The contextual definition number, for instance, decide whether number 5 is identical to Julius Caesar. a late writing, Quine claimed indeterminacy established by Frege’s Caesar special case proxy-function argument. present paper aims show r...

1 What is wrong with classical cryptography ? Human desire to communicate secretly is at least as old as writing itself and goes back to the beginnings of our civilisation. Methods of secret communication were developed by many ancient societies, including those of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China, but details regarding the origins of cryptology remain unknown (Kahn 1967). We know that it w...