Card games are interesting for many reasons besides their connection with gambling. Bridge is being a game of imperfect information, it is a well defined, decision making game. The estimation of the number of tricks to be taken by one pair of bridge players is called Double Dummy Bridge Problem (DDBP). Artificial Neural Networks are Non – Linear mapping structures based on the function of the h...

Where does the money come from to buy votes? We argue that an important source of funds for vote-buying comes ‘contract clientelism’, or provision public contracts private firms in exchange campaign donations. Using quantitative data on Colombian infrastructure contracts, we demonstrate municipalities exhibit ‘electoral contracting cycle’ which incumbents assign low-quality while trail. Contrac...

1. Barton E, Gallagher S, Flower C, et al. Influence on patient management of general practitioner direct access to radiological services. Br J Radiol 1987; 60: 893-896. 2. Houghton D, Aitchison F, Wilkinson L, Wilson J. Use of sinus x-ray films by general practitioners. BMJ 1994; 308: 1608-1609. 3. Owen J, Rutt G, Keir M, et al.Survey of general practitioners' opinions on the use of radiology ...

This article describes a formal approach to decision making optimization in commodity futures markets. Our aim is to plan optimal decision at a given time, where we could decide to buy or sell a commodity contract or stay out of the market. The decision is made using dynamic programming with loss function equal to negative profit measured in money, where the probability density functions(PDF) a...

Landlords’ power often declined from the late 19th century, as tenants gained new rights, and finally possibilities to buy land they worked. However, in some cases, such with rabassa morta contract Catalonia, tenant rights did not lead a “defeat of rentier”, nor any fundamental changes landlords’ dues. In landowners actively participated wine production, therefore opposed reforms that threatene...

T paper develops a framework for analyzing business-to-business (B2B) transactions and supply chain management based on integrating contract procurement markets with spot markets using capacity options and forwards. The framework is motivated by the emergence of B2B exchanges in several industrial sectors to facilitate such integrated contract and spot procurement. In the framework developed, a...

The aim of this article is to propose a solution to the principal-agent problem arising in construction contracts. The inability to write complete and enforceable contracts gives the contractor the opportunity to earn by cheating. The ultimate method to deal with this problem is to design a contractual mechanism that would stop a self-interested contractor from taking benefit resulting from any...

This study describes how murabahah for sharia banking KPR products operate as well that have indications of hilah (legal engineering). uses a qualitative method literature (library research) research approach. The findings this indicate Islamic has modified the original concept contracts, namely bank does not yet house to sell. contract is implemented through li al-amir bi al-shira' (the buyer ...