Evidence for prehistoric trepanation is limited to preserved osteoarchaeological material, namely human skulls, and the occasional discovery of surgical instruments. However, the Roman empire gave rise to an abundant and diverse range of source types, including skeletal remains, material culture and detailed medical texts, each of which harbours the potential to contribute to our understanding ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)-collagen sponge complex on the neovascularization of chronic cerebral ischemia following multiple burr hole (MBH) surgery. Methods: Bone marrow-derived EPCs from 5 Fisher 344 (F344) inbred rats were cultured and amplified in vitro, then co-cultured to become the EPCs-collagen sponge complex. Chroni...

A series of 20 patients over the age of 60 years, all suffering from chronic subdural haemotoma, is reviewed. Factors leading to diagnostic errors are emphasized. Burr-hole aspiration supplemented by adequate measures to aid in reexpansion of the brain remains the primary choice of treatment in this condition.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to discuss the variations in the morbid anatomy of colloid cysts with its impact on the choice of endoscopic approach through a standard Kocher's burr hole. METHODS This study was conducted on 18 patients between 1996 and 2006. All patients were operated through a single burr hole at Kocher's point using a rigid endoscope with a single working channel. The a...

BACKGROUND Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most frequent neurosurgical conditions affecting elderly people and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The use of a subdural drain (SDD) after burr-hole trepanation for cSDH was proven to reduce recurrence and mortality at 6 months. To date in neurosurgery practice, evidence-based guidelines on whether an SDD or subp...

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, blinded study was to determine the effect of apical trephination on postoperative pain and swelling in symptomatic necrotic teeth. Fifty emergency patients participated, and each had a clinical diagnosis of a symptomatic necrotic tooth with associated periapical radiolucency. After endodontic treatment, patients randomly received either an apical tre...

OBJECTIVE To develop a laboratory model to study intracorneal keratoprosthesis implantation. METHODS A combination microkeratome and artificial anterior chamber system was used to create a hinged lamellar keratectomy on 13 human corneas. After reflecting the flap, the posterior stroma was trephined at either 2.5 or 3.0 mm. A model keratoprosthesis was positioned in the bed. The flap was sutur...

Objective: To compare the results of either craniotomy or burr hole surgery in highly old patients with subdural haemorrhage. Methods: 48 patients with chronic subdural haemorrhage (34 patients showed combined subacute blood in CT scan) were collected and followed preoperatively, immediate postoperative and 6 months after surgery. Patients were classified into two groups; (Group 1): 26 patients...