Manuscript received November 5, 1998. Manuscript revised January 8, 1999. † The authors are with Niigata University, Niigata-shi, 9502181 Japan. †† The author is with University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, 60607-7018, USA. * Presently, with Fujitsu System Integration Laboratories Ltd. ** Presently, with NEC Saitama Corp. SUMMARY This paper discusses the classification of targets buried in the u...

Based on reasonable simplifications of a two-dimensional (2D) energy equation, basic heat transfer equation in 1D form is obtained for the hot crude oil transportation long-buried pipeline. To enclose overall coefficient and numerical simulation temperature fields pipe wall soil are introduced, they together with constitute cross-dimensional models transportation, respectively. Some procedures,...

In the oil and gas industry, pipeline is main mode to transport product can be applied for long-distance transportation; hence some pipe segments may buried underground. Buckling as cause of deformation failure often found at in-service during inspection activity. Changes in laying conditions such design operational parameters, human activity geological movement affect redistribution that lead ...

When a pipe roof is used as pre-support for the surrounding rock in shallowly buried tunnel, accurate prediction of support effectiveness important order to ensure rationality structure design. Based on analysis effects, considering construction time structures and interaction mechanisms between steel pipes rock, we establish calculation model pressure acting each semi-circular boundary. Throug...

In this paper, the attenuation of sound waves in underground gas pipelines and vibration characteristics are studied, feasibility effectiveness acoustic measurement PE verified. equation an transmission pipeline is derived based on propagation itself. order to verify experimental results, we conducted test air model verified through under action pulse excitation. Then, detect background noise, ...