A comparison of the quantitative anatomy of the bronchi in normal subjects, in status asthmaticus, in chronic bronchitis, and in emphysema The quantitative anatomy of the bronchi has been studied in sudden deaths in normal subjects, in deaths from status asthmaticus and chronic bronchitis, and in patients with emphysema. In the normal bronchi the observed range of values for the percentage volu...

BACKGROUND Left pulmonary artery sling (LPAS) is a rare but severe congenital anomaly, in which the stenoses are formed in the trachea and/or main bronchi. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) provides useful anatomical images, but does not offer functional information. The objective of the present study is to quantitatively analyze the airflow in the trachea and main bronchi of LPAS subje...

The length of the larynx was y4–5 mm. The cricoid cartilage formed a complete ring at the inferior aspect of the larynx and was fixed to the tracheal rings. The trachea was entered after passing through the cricoid cartilage and ended at the division into the right and left main stem bronchi at the carina. The bronchoscope was introduced through the larynx and directed to the trachea. The lengt...