It is widely accepted that the basal ganglia (BG) play a key role in action selection and reinforcement learning. However, despite considerable number of studies, the BG architecture and function are not completely understood. Action selection and reinforcement learning are facilitated by the activity of dopaminergic neurons, which encode reward prediction errors when reward outcomes are higher...

Objectives This study assessed the efficacy of modified bioactive glass (MBG) for dentin remineralization and obstruction of dentinal tubules. Materials and Methods Thirty-six dentin discs were made from 20 third molars and were stored in 12% lactic acid solution for two weeks to induce demineralization. The samples were divided into three groups (n=12): 1- BG, 2- BG modified with 5% strontiu...

Remark 1.3. One can see that if BG exists, it is unique up to weak equivalence by the Yoneda lemma and the fact that every space is weakly equivalent to a CW complex. We will construct two different models of BG, the classical one from Milnor, and one from Segal. The latter will have the advantage that B(G× G′) ∼= BG× BG′ Proposition 1.4. If EG is a weakly contractible space with a free action ...

BACKGROUND Availability of a highly accurate in-hospital automated blood glucose (BG) monitor could facilitate implementation of intensive insulin therapy protocols through effective titration of insulin therapy, improved BG control, and avoidance of hypoglycemia. We evaluated a functional prototype BG monitor designed to perform frequent automated blood sampling for glucose monitoring. METHO...

OBJECTIVE HbA(1c) is a standard clinical assessment of glycemia and the basis of most data relating glycemic control to complications. It remains unclear, however, whether HbA(1c) is affected by glycemic variation and mean glycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To test this question, we analyzed the statistical relationship between HbA(1c) levels and glycemic variability as measured by self-mo...

A novel mosquito trapping system, the BG-Sentinel trap, was evaluated as a monitoring tool for adult Aedes aegypti in field tests in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Human landing/biting collections, a gas-powered CO2 trap, and a Fay-Prince trap with only visual cues serving as references to evaluate the efficacy of the new trap. The BG-Sentinel is a simple suction trap that uses upward-dire...

Mast cells are primary mediators of allergic inflammation. Beta-1,3-glucan (BG) protects against infection and shock by activating immune cells. Activation of the BG receptor induces an increase in intracellular Ca(2+), which may induce exocytosis. However, little is known about the precise mechanisms underlying BG activation of immune cells and the possible role of mitochondria in this process...

O6-Benzylguanine (BG) is a potent, specific inactivator of the DNA repair protein, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase, that enhances the sensitivity of tumor cell lines and tumor xenografts to chloroethylnitrosoureas. To search for BG analogues with greater penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we evaluated plasma and CSF pharmacokinetics of BG, 8-aza-O6-benzylguanine (8-azaBG), O6-...

Our previous dosimetry studies have demonstrated that for dopaminergic radiotracers, (18)F-FDOPA and (18)F-FPCIT, the urinary bladder is the critical organ. As these tracers accumulate in the basal ganglia (BG) with high affinity and long residence times, radiation dose to the BG may become significant, especially in normal control subjects. We have performed dynamic PET measurements using (18)...

Previous studies have demonstrated that bergamottin (BG), a component of grapefruit juice, is a mechanism-based inactivator of CYP3A4 and contributes, in part, to the grapefruit juice-drug interaction. Although the covalent binding of [(14)C]BG to the CYP3A4 apoprotein has been demonstrated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the identity of the modified amino acid residue and the reacti...