We have obtained stable lead isotope and lead concentration data from a longitudinal study of mobilization of lead from the maternal skeleton during pregnancy and lactation and in which the newly born infants were monitored for 6 months postpartum to evaluate the effects of the local environment on lead body burden of the infant. Samples of maternal and infant blood, urine, and diet and especia...

BACKGROUND Breast milk transmission of HIV-1 remains a major route of pediatric infection. Defining the characteristics of viral variants to which breastfeeding infants are exposed is important for understanding the genetic bottleneck that occurs in the majority of mother-to-child transmissions. The blood-milk epithelial barrier markedly restricts the quantity of HIV-1 in breast milk, even in t...

BACKGROUND Breast feeding is considered to be mutually beneficial for both mothers and infants, though the effect of lactation problems on development of breast lesions (whether benign or malignant) is not clear. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to identify possible relations between lactation problems and benign and malignant breast disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS 308 patients referred t...

OBJECTIVE Although it is well documented that breast milk provides optimal nutrition and immune benefits to the infant, factors that influence the immunologic composition of breast milk are less understood. A recent study reported that immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in breast milk are lower after exercise compared with resting concentrations. However, the women exercised until exhaustion. The ef...

Perinatal zidovudine (ZDV) prophylaxis decreases rates of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Its relationship with levels of HIV-1 RNA in breast milk and postnatal transmission in breast-fed African children is unknown. At day 8 after delivery, levels of HIV-1 RNA in breast milk from 28 women who transmitted HIV-1 (Ts) postnatally and from 130 women who did n...

BACKGROUND Extremely preterm infants are highly susceptible to bacterial infections but breast milk provides some protection. It is unknown if leukocyte numbers and subsets in milk differ between term and preterm breast milk. This study serially characterised leukocyte populations in breast milk of mothers of preterm and term infants using multicolour flow cytometry methods for extended differe...

CME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: 1.Review the advantages and disadvantages of donor-banked milk over informal milk sharing.2.List disadvantages of proprietary infant formula for use as supplementation.3.Determine the primary ethical concerns when electing to use donor human milk versus propriety infant formula for supplementation. The benefits of breast-feeding, as well as the risks of some artifici...

In a double blind crossover study 10 children with infantile colic were fed breast milk and cow's milk formula, untreated and treated with lactase. Colic was present on 71% of breast milk and 89% of cow's milk days. Daily duration and severity of colic did not differ for milk preparations.

BACKGROUND Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for the newborn infant. However, since all infants cannot be breast-fed, there is a need for background data for setting adequate daily intakes. Previously, concentration data on major essential elements and some toxic elements in breast milk, based on different analytical techniques, have been published. There is no recent study on a large...

INTRODUCTION: Leptin the product of the obese gene (ob) is synthesized by adipose tissue and contributes to the regulation of energy homeostasis and food intake. Recently, immunoreactive leptin was reported to be present in human milk. The aim of this study was to determine any possible link between breast milk leptin concentrations and adiposity in exclusively breast-fed infants. METHODS: 130 ...