PURPOSE This study aims to analyze the clinical-pathological characteristics of multifocal and multicentric breast cancer (MMBC) in Chinese women. METHODS Sixty-seven cases with MMBC were randomly collected and reviewed at seven hospitals in representative districts of China during 1999 to 2008. RESULTS The incidence of MMBC in breast cancer in China was 1.75%. Compared to those with unifoc...

OBJECTIVE To report long-term mortality after oophorectomy or ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy in subgroups of women based on age at the time of surgery, use of estrogen therapy, presence of risk factors for coronary heart disease, and length of follow-up. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 30,117 Nurses' Health Study participants undergoing hysterectomy for benign...

context triple negative breast cancer (tnbc) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that is negative for esterogen receptor (er) progesteron receptor (pr) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2). this type of breast cancer is typically high-grade carcinomas, although low-grade tumors occur. the aim of this review is to focus on molecular classification and features, prognostic markers...

Breast cancer is a common and complex disease often necessitating multimodality care. Breast cancer may be treated with surgical resection, radiotherapy (RT), and systemic therapy, including chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapies, or a combination thereof. In the past 50 years, RT has played an increasingly significant role in the treatment of breast cancer, resulting in improve...

Each year over one million women worldwide are diagnosed with breast cancer (BC), the second most common cancer in women. It is estimated there were 184,450 new BC cases and 40,930 deaths in 2008 in USA (1). The impact of BC is life-threat and cosmetic damage of the breast. Especially in consideration of early BC treatment, secure pursuit of breast conservation becomes the most significant issu...

TO THE EDITOR: I was delighted to read the article by Drs. Spear, Clemens, and Dayan on “Considerations of Previous Augmentation in Subsequent Breast Reconstruction” (Aesthetic Surg J 2008;28:285–293). This is a particularly timely and relevant article, because we have entered into an era in which a large number of women who have undergone breast augmentation have matured into the age group tha...

Breast conservation therapy (BCT), consisting of local excision of the breast tumor to achieve negative margins followed by whole breast irradiation, is standard treatment for early-stage breast cancer. The conventional radiotherapy course treats the entire breast, typically followed by a boost to the tumor bed over six to seven weeks. While the efficacy and cosmetic outcomes of conventionally ...

Long-term outcomes for women with a diagnosis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-driven early-stage breast cancer have significantly improved since the advent of HER2-targeted therapy. Although the first studies in the early-stage setting focused on the adjuvant use of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy, clinical trials increasingly are using a neoadjuvant design to evaluate novel HE...