OBJECTIVES To assess the level of pain intensity at which patients feel the impetus to ask for a breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) medication, and level of pain intensity at which patients consider they have achieved acceptable pain control after receiving a BTcP medication. METHODS A consecutive sample of patients who were receiving oral morphine equivalents equal to or more than 60 mg daily, ...

The presentation of science in the media is usually far more optimistic than other areas of reporting; in place of war and famine we have breakthroughs and astonishing discoveries. But the detail — the slow accretion of supporting data and the puzzling incompatibility of some results — is usually ignored. In effect, science stories are ‘edited’ (either by the journalist or by the scientist who ...

Rapid movement of agricultural chemicals through soil to groundwater via preferential flow pathways is one cause of water contamination. Previous studies have shown that time domain reflectometry (TDR) could be used to characterize solute transport in soil. However, previous studies have only scarcely addressed preferential flow. This study presents an extended application of TDR for determinin...

Hot gas conditioning is a remarkable stage for decreasing typical and harsh contaminants of syngas produced in the biomass gasification process. Downstream containing hydrogen sulphide (H2S) can significantly deteriorate fuel stream conversion reactors cell systems. Thus, an effective cleaning required to remove critical streams that endanger whole pathway toward In this work, we studied H2S ca...

The miscible displacement process appears to be an increasingly feasible method for the extraction of oil from depleted reservoirs. How‌ever, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of how fracture geometrical characteristics impact the oil recovery efficiency in this type of enhanced oil recovery technique. In this work, a series of experimental tests were conducted whereby the n-Hept...

Activated carbon filters are widely used to remove gaseous pollutants in order guarantee a healthy living environment. The standard method for evaluating the adsorption performance of is conducted at ~100 ppm. Although this accelerates test and avoids high requirements device, it still far from contaminant concentration indoor environment, adsorbents practical application may show different cap...