Recently, much attention is paid to the phenomenon of gene’s hypermethylation in the peripheral blood (PB) and its involvement in the pathology of cancer. Breast cancer is a complex disease driven by multiple factors including both genetic and epigenetic processes. Genetic changes associated with breast cancer are not completely known, but epigenetic mechanisms involved in this disease seem to ...

Fanconi anaemia (FA) is an inherited condition characterised by congenital and developmental abnormalities and a strong cancer predisposition. In around 3-5% of cases FA is caused by biallelic mutations in the BRCA2 gene. Individuals heterozygous for BRCA2 mutations have an increased risk of inherited breast and ovarian cancer. We reviewed the mutation spectrum in BRCA2-associated FA, and the s...

Human Rad51 (hRad51) has been found to be associated with BRCA1, BRCA2, and p53 either directly or indirectly and is one of at least eight human genes that are members of the Escherichia coli RecA/Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 family thought to affect genomic stability through DNA recombination/repair processes. While inactivation of DNA mismatch repair clearly leads to instability of repeated...

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women world wide. Approximately 1 in 10 women will develop breast cancer during their life time and 5-10% of all breast cancers, in particular those with an early age of onset, are the result of a genetic predisposition owing to the inheritance of a dominant susceptibility gene(s). In the context of high risk families, one important gene is ...

The breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2 has recently been identified as identical to the Fanconi anemia (FA) gene FANCD1. Here we expand the clinical implications of this discovery. Notably, we identified 6 children in 5 kindreds exhibiting the co-occurrence of BRCA2 mutations, FA, and early onset acute leukemia. Leukemia occurred at a median of 2.2 years of age in the BRCA2 patients in con...

the aims of this study were to compare the promoter sequence of the mannose-binding lectin (cmbl) gene in iranian native and commercial chicken strains; as well as to compare the cmbl gene expression in crossbred and inbred chickens. in total 79 native (western azerbaijan native fowls, wanf) and 49 commercial (arian commercial strain, acs) birds were reared as parents under same management prac...

Background The pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), is a pathogenic element for a number of disorders. Previous studies have reported that the -1031 T/C and -238 G/A polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene are important factors in reproductive-related disorders. One of the most common gynecological diseases of women during the reproductive years is endo...

Promoter methylation is one of the main epigenetic mechanisms that lead to the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes during carcinogenesis. Due to the reversible nature of DNA methylation, many studies have been performed to correct theses epigenetic defects by inhibiting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). In this case novel therapeutics especially siRNA oligonucleotides have been used to specifi...

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women world wide. Approximately 1 in 10 women will develop breast cancer during their life time and 5-10% of all breast cancers, in particular those with an early age of onset, are the result of a genetic predisposition owing to the inheritance of a dominant susceptibility gene(s). In the context of high risk families, one important gene is ...