Variants of Guillain-Barre syndrome such as Bickerstaff encephalitis and Miller-Fisher syndrome have been reported. We report a 15-year-old boy who presented, after a prodromal illness, with 3-day progressive limb weakness, diplopia, and acute urinary retention. Clinically, he had horizontal gaze-evoked and upbeat nystagmus, bilateral extensor plantars in addition to quadriparesis and areflexia...

BACKGROUND Fisher syndrome is one of the regional variants of Guillain-Barré syndrome, characterised by impairment of eye movements (ophthalmoplegia), incoordination (ataxia) and loss of tendon reflexes (areflexia). It can occur in more limited forms, and may overlap with Guillain-Barré syndrome. A further variant is associated with upper motor neuron signs and disturbance of consciousness (Bic...

how to cite this article: ververi a, vargiami e, v papadopoulou v, tryfonas d, zafeiriou di. brainstem auditory evoked potentials in boys with autism: still searching for the hidden truth. iran j child neurol. spring 2015;9(2):21-28. abstract objective brainstem auditory evoked potentials (baeps) have long been utilized in the investigation of auditory modulation and, more specifically, auditor...

Clinical data of 104 hospitalized children during the 2003 epidemic of encephalitis in Andhra Pradesh state was retrospectively analysed to know the clinical profile and risk factors associated with mortality. Fever was the first symptom associated with altered sensorium, seizures, diarrhoea and vomiting. Evolution of illness was very rapid with high fatality (47%). Majority of deaths occurred ...

Ten days after respiratory infection, a 32-year-old woman presented with headaches, ataxia, and diplopia without encephalopathy. Brain MRI revealed extensive white matter, brainstem, and cerebellar vasogenic edema, without gadolinium enhancement, partially regressive during follow-up (figure, A). CSF revealed transient elevated protein level (1.01 g/L) and hypercellularity (123 neutrophils/mm)....

A 74-year-old man presented with acute cerebellar ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, left facial dysesthesia and weakness, dysarthria, dysphasia, and hyperreflexia. Episodic evening hallucinations occurred, triggered by eye closing, and lasted minutes; they were unaccompanied by paranoia, delusions, or REM sleep behavior disorder. We diagnosed brainstem encephalitis, apparently immune-mediated because IV...

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with serious complications and fatal cases have been reported over the last decade worldwide. The authors report a rare case of HFMD in a neonate complicated with brainstem encephalitis and pulmonary edema. She had fever, lethargy, dyspnea. Physical examination revealed shock signs, fine rales on both lungs, absent Moro reflex. The patient had a rapidly prog...

Trigeminal neuritis usually is caused by an inflammatory reaction to herpes simplex virus, which often resides within the gasserian ganglion of the trigeminal nerve. Transaxonal movement of the virus between the ganglion and peripheral nerves within the oral cavity has been documented [1 , 2]. The virus can be isolated from the painful aphthous ulcers within the oral cavity and the typical cold...

Dear Editor, Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is characterized by progressive ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, impaired consciousness, and hyperreflexia. BBE is one of the spectrum diseases of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome affecting both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).1 We report a patient with optic neuritis (ON) and BBE who was effectively treated wit...